<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[ProgressivA: Gender Equality]]></title><description><![CDATA[Topic discussed are gender, women and lgbtqai+ rights, , laws against homotransfobia, gender violence and legislations across the different European countries]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/s/gender-equality</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lt-d!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe542b63-e1c1-4979-af92-dc705c28c463_500x500.png</url><title>ProgressivA: Gender Equality</title><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/s/gender-equality</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2026 03:19:37 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.progressivamagazine.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Paco Ruzzante]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[progressiva@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[progressiva@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Paco Martino Ruzzante]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Paco Martino Ruzzante]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[progressiva@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[progressiva@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Paco Martino Ruzzante]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[La pillola dell’ingiustizia (The pill of injustice)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola, Vice-Presidente di ProgressivA]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/la-pillola-dellingiustizia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/la-pillola-dellingiustizia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 27 May 2023 07:09:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png 1272w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mHzR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bea6d69-e529-42d8-a1a4-06bccecea59d_1600x901.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><strong>English version after the Italian version</strong></p></blockquote><p>Lo scorso 21 aprile, il Comitato Prezzi e Rimborsi (CPR) e la Commissione Tecnico Scientifica (CTS) dell'Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA) stavano per scrivere un capitolo importante nella storia del diritto alla salute riproduttiva, rendendo gratuita la pillola anticoncezionale per tutte le donne di ogni et&#224;. Tuttavia, per rendere questa decisione definitiva, era necessaria l'approvazione del Consiglio di Amministrazione di AIFA, che, purtroppo, non &#232; avvenuta. Di recente, &#232; emerso che il CDA non ha confermato la decisione del CPR e della CTS, chiedendo chiarimenti riguardo a: 1) le fasce d'et&#224; a cui concedere gratuitamente la pillola anticoncezionale; 2) le modalit&#224; di distribuzione; 3) i costi per il Sistema Sanitario Nazionale.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.progressivamagazine.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">ProgressivA is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Un CDA, qual &#232; quello di AIFA, composto da soli uomini, ha deciso una questione che riguarda esclusivamente le donne, la loro salute e le loro risorse economiche. Questa decisione, comunque, solleva diverse perplessit&#224;.</p><p>Innanzitutto, perch&#232; sembra voler eliminare l&#8217;universalit&#224; della gratuit&#224; della pillola anticoncezionale, limitandola a determinate fasce d'et&#224;, come gi&#224; avviene in alcune regioni italiane (Puglia, Emilia Romagna, Piemonte, Toscana, Lazio, Provincia autonoma di Trento). Se questa scelta pu&#242; essere comprensibile a livello regionale, considerando che le regioni dispongono di risorse finanziarie inferiori rispetto allo Stato, sicuramente non lo &#232; dal punto di vista nazionale. La pillola anticoncezionale dovrebbe essere coperta dal servizio sanitario pubblico per tutte le donne in et&#224; fertile, perch&#233; i diritti alla salute sessuale e riproduttiva sono diritti fondamentali delle donne. In Italia, tuttavia, dal 2016, la pillola anticoncezionale &#232; stata spostata dalla fascia A (quindi farmaco coperto dal Servizio Sanitario Nazionale) alla fascia C (ossia farmaco a carico delle cittadine) e, tra l&#8217;altro, ha un costo che &#232; tra i pi&#249; elevati in Europa. Per intenderci, una donna che assume un contraccettivo orale in Italia spender&#224; tra i 10,00 e i 20,00 euro al mese, che corrispondono ad una spesa annuale di 120,00-240,00 euro. Considerando che l'et&#224; fertile femminile dura mediamente 25 anni, una donna, nel corso della sua vita, potrebbe spendere da 3.000,00 a 6.000,00 euro per la contraccezione. Esborso che, per ovvie ragioni, non grava sugli uomini e che pertanto va ad aggravare ulteriormente il gender gap. Esborso che, in altri Stati Europei che gi&#224; prevedono la gratuit&#224; della pillola anticoncezionale (come Spagna, Francia, Portogallo), una donna non deve sostenere. Esborso che le donne meno abbienti non possono permettersi e ci&#242; crea gravi diseguaglianze anche nel diritto alla salute riproduttiva, consentendo una libera scelta sulla propria sessualit&#224; solo se si ha un reddito sufficientemente elevato.</p><p>Ma ovviamente non si tratta solo di una questione economica. Fornire gratuitamente la pillola anticoncezionale garantirebbe un maggiore accesso alla contraccezione e, di conseguenza, apporterebbe maggiori benefici alla salute delle donne. La pillola anticoncezionale non solo svolge un ruolo fondamentale nel controllo e nell'autodeterminazione della propria vita riproduttiva, ma viene spesso prescritta anche come terapia per regolarizzare il ciclo mestruale o ridurre i sintomi premestruali invalidanti (ancora non riconosciuti come tali nel nostro paese) che colpiscono molte donne. Ma rendere la pillola anticoncezionale gratuita non &#232; di per s&#233; sufficiente. Tutti i metodi contraccettivi dovrebbero essere gratis e dunque accessibili ad un pubblico pi&#249; ampio, soprattutto ai giovani. E proprio per consentire ai giovani di prendere decisioni consapevoli riguardo alla propria vita sessuale e riproduttiva, &#232; altrettanto fondamentale implementare le politiche a sostegno dell'educazione sessuale nelle scuole.</p><p>Ci si chiede, infine, se il CDA di AIFA sia stato in qualche modo influenzato dalla posizione espressa sul punto dal Governo. Le parole sibilline di Luca Ciriani, in risposta ad un'interrogazione presentata da Luana Zanella (AVS), lasciavano gi&#224; presagire la risposta del CDA di AIFA; il</p><p>Ministro per i rapporti con il Parlamento, infatti, ha messo in dubbio la fattibilit&#224; economica della gratuit&#224; della pillola anticoncezionale, invitando il CDA di AIFA a verificare che la misura non superi la spesa farmaceutica massima fissata a 140 milioni di euro. Tra le motivazioni addotte dal CDA di AIFA, purtroppo, vi &#232; proprio quella dei costi della misura, nonostante l'AIFA sia un organismo pienamente autonomo, come stabilito dal Decreto Legge n. 269\2003 (convertito, con modificazioni, nella legge 326\2003) che l&#8217;ha istituita. Autonomia che ha uno scopo ben preciso, ossia garantire che le decisioni sull'approvazione, l'accesso e l'uso dei farmaci siano basate su evidenze scientifiche indipendenti da interessi economici e politici.</p><p>Una considerazione finale: se dietro allo scetticismo di parte della maggioranza si dovesse nascondere il desiderio di promuovere la natalit&#224;, questo sarebbe non solo anacronistico, ma erroneo. Se ci si domanda perch&#232; i giovani non fanno figli, non &#232; certo perch&#232; hanno a disposizione dei contraccettivi. La risposta va piuttosto cercata nella mancanza di sicurezza dovuta all'assenza di salari dignitosi, di congedi parentali equivalenti a quelli del nord Europa e nel dramma del precariato. La gratuit&#224; della pillola contraccettiva esula da tutto ci&#242; e, se la misura non dovesse passare, si consumer&#224; l&#8217;ennesima ingiustizia e discriminazione nei confronti delle donne.</p><h1>The Pill of Injustice (English version)</h1><p>On April 21st, the Pricing and Reimbursement Committee (CPR) and the Technical-Scientific Commission (CTS) of the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) were about to write an important chapter in the history of reproductive health rights by making the contraceptive pill free for all women of every age. However, to make this decision final, the approval of AIFA's Board of Directors was required, which, unfortunately, did not happen. Recently, it has emerged that the Board of Directors did not confirm the decision of the CPR and CTS, seeking clarification on: 1) the age groups to whom the contraceptive pill should be provided for free; 2) the distribution methods; 3) the costs for the National Health System.</p><p>ProgressivA is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p><p>A Board of Directors, such as AIFA's, composed solely of men, has decided on a matter that concerns exclusively women, their health, and their financial resources. However, this decision raises several concerns.</p><p>Firstly, it appears to aim at eliminating the universality of free access to the contraceptive pill by limiting it to specific age groups, as is already the case in some Italian regions (Puglia, Emilia Romagna, Piemonte, Toscana, Lazio, Provincia autonoma di Trento). While this choice may be understandable at a regional level, considering that regions have lower financial resources compared to the state, it is certainly not justifiable on a national level. The contraceptive pill should be covered by the public healthcare service for all women of reproductive age because sexual and reproductive health rights are fundamental rights of women. In Italy, however, since 2016, the contraceptive pill has been moved from Category A (medication covered by the National Health Service) to Category C (medication to be paid for by citizens) and, moreover, it has one of the highest costs in Europe. To give you an idea, a woman taking an oral contraceptive in Italy will spend between &#8364;10.00 and &#8364;20.00 per month, amounting to an annual expense of &#8364;120.00-&#8364;240.00. Considering that the female fertile age lasts on average 25 years, a woman could spend &#8364;3,000.00 to &#8364;6,000.00 on contraception over her lifetime. This expense, for obvious reasons, does not burden men and thus further exacerbates the gender gap. It is an expense that women with lower incomes cannot afford, creating significant inequalities in reproductive health rights and allowing for free choice over one's sexuality only if one has a sufficiently high income.</p><p>But, of course, it is not only an economic issue. Providing the contraceptive pill free of charge would ensure greater access to contraception and, consequently, bring greater benefits to women's health. The contraceptive pill not only plays a fundamental role in controlling and determining one's reproductive life but is often prescribed as therapy to regulate the menstrual cycle or reduce debilitating premenstrual symptoms (which are still not officially recognized as such in our country) that affect many women. However, making the contraceptive pill free is not enough in itself. All contraceptive methods should be free and thus accessible to a wider audience, especially to young people. And to enable young people to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive lives, it is equally essential to implement policies supporting sex education in schools.</p><p>Lastly, one wonders if AIFA's Board of Directors was somehow influenced by the government's position on this matter. The ambiguous words of Luca Ciriani, in response to an interrogation by Luana Zanella (AVS), already hinted at the response of AIFA's Board of Directors; the Minister for Relations with Parliament, in fact, cast doubt on the economic feasibility of providing free contraception, inviting AIFA's Board of Directors to ensure that the measure does not exceed the maximum pharmaceutical expenditure set at &#8364;140 million. Unfortunately, among the reasons given by AIFA's Board of Directors, there is the issue of the costs of the measure, despite AIFA being a fully autonomous body, as established by Decree Law no. 269/2003 (converted, with amendments, into Law 326/2003) that established it. Autonomy serves a specific purpose, namely, to ensure that decisions regarding the approval, access, and use of medicines are based on scientific evidence independent of economic and political interests.</p><p>A final consideration: if the skepticism of part of the majority is driven by a desire to promote natality, this would not only be anachronistic but also incorrect. If we wonder why young people are not having children, it is certainly not because they have access to contraceptives. The answer must be sought in the lack of security due to the absence of dignified wages, parental leave equivalent to that of Northern Europe, and the drama of job precarity. The provision of free contraceptive pills goes beyond all this, and if the measure does not pass, it will perpetuate yet another injustice and discrimination against women.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.progressivamagazine.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">ProgressivA is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇮🇹 SE TOCCANO UNA, TOCCANO TUTTE.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Il diritto all'interruzione volontaria di gravidanza &#232; gravemente in pericolo negli USA.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/se-toccano-una-toccano-tutte</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/se-toccano-una-toccano-tutte</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 26 May 2022 05:20:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NYsx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe431d4ae-5520-4786-a1c8-6a5862bfedc8_800x413.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Studentesse californiane dell'Universit&#224; di Padova durante la manifestazione a sostegno di Gigliola Pierobon, Padova, 5 luglio 1973, foto di Sandra Busatta.</em></p><p>A Padova, citt&#224; in cui sono cresciuta e da cui scrivo queste parole, nel giugno 1973, si celebr&#242; un processo che scaten&#242; una grande mobilitazione collettiva e che, per tale ragione, fu una pietra miliare nella lunga battaglia per la legalizzazione dell'aborto in Italia, cui si arriv&#242; cinque anni pi&#249; tardi, nel 1978, con l'approvazione della <a href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1978/05/22/078U0194/sg">Legge 194</a>.</p><p>L'imputata era Gigliola Pierobon, 23 anni, figlia di contadini, femminista, accusata di aver abortito clandestinamente quando aveva 17 anni, perch&#233;, mentre stava testimoniando in un altro processo, aveva raccontato la propria terribile esperienza, comune a molte donne in quegli anni: Gigliola, volendo interrompere una gravidanza indesiderata, non pot&#232; recarsi in ospedale, essendo l'aborto illegale. Pag&#242; allora 40.000 lire una mammana (come venivano chiamate le donne che effettuavano gli aborti clandestini), che le inser&#236; nella vagina un ferro, senza sedativi e senza antibiotici.</p><p>Mentre nelle aule del Palazzo di Giustizia cittadino si discuteva il caso Pierobon, le strade di Padova si riempirono di donne che chiedevano a gran voce non solo l'assoluzione di Gigliola, ma anche la legalizzazione dell'aborto.</p><p>Tra queste donne, vi erano anche le studentesse californiane che vedete ritratte nella foto qui sopra. Queste studentesse appoggiavano la Lola (soprannome di Gigliola) e tutte le donne italiane affinch&#233; ottenessero finalmente il riconoscimento giuridico del diritto di decidere sul proprio corpo.</p><p>Questa stessa battaglia era stata combattuta anche dalle donne americane, le quali, qualche mese prima, avevano finalmente ottenuto la legalizzazione a livello federale del diritto di aborto come libera scelta della donna. Il 22 gennaio 1973, infatti, la Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America pronunci&#242; la celebre sentenza &#8220;<a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/410/113/">Roe v. Wade</a>&#8221; e, successivamente, ciascuno Stato adott&#242; le proprie leggi sull'aborto, rispettando il principio comune secondo cui non &#232; possibile interrompere la gravidanza dal momento in cui il feto pu&#242; vivere autonomamente al di fuori dell'utero, ossia dopo la 24esima settimana di gestazione (sentenza <em><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/505/833">Planned Parenthood v. Casey</a>).</em></p><p>&#8220;Roe v. Wade&#8221;, tuttavia, rischia di essere a breve ribaltata, con la conseguenza che l'aborto tornerebbe illegale (o quantomeno fortemente limitato) nella met&#224; degli stati americani.</p><p>Il terribile pericolo cui sono esposte le donne americane non pu&#242; lasciarci indifferenti e dobbiamo manifestare loro tutto il nostro sostegno, cos&#236; come in passato le femministe americane hanno fatto con noi, perch&#232; se toccano una, toccano tutte.</p><p>Ma procediamo con ordine.</p><p><strong>Cosa sta succedendo negli Stati Uniti d'America?</strong></p><p>Nei giorni scorsi, il quotidiano <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/02/read-justice-alito-initial-abortion-opinion-overturn-roe-v-wade-pdf-00029504">Politico</a> ha pubblicato una bozza di 98 pagine di una sentenza della Corte Suprema a firma del giudice conservatore Samuel Alito, che dichiarerebbe incostituzionale la sentenza &#8220;Roe v. Wade&#8221;. Tale pronuncia decide il caso <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women's_Health_Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women&#8217;s Health Organization</a>, che riguarda l'impugnazione della <a href="https://legiscan.com/MS/text/HB1510/id/1758892">legge dello Stato del Mississippi del 2018</a>, che vieta l'aborto nella maggior parte dei casi, dopo la 15esima settimana di gestazione.</p><p>Si tratta comunque di una bozza non definitiva ed il voto della Corte Suprema &#232; previsto per giugno. Fino a quel momento non abbiamo quindi nessuna certezza e possiamo continuare a sperare che non si arretri nella tutela dei diritti delle donne.</p><p>Vi sono per&#242; almeno due circostanze che ci fanno ritenere probabile che la Corte Suprema approvi la decisione del giudice Alito:</p><ol><li><p>I giudici della Corte Suprema si sarebbero potuti rifiutare di discutere il caso per contrariet&#224; al precedente &#8220;Roe v. Wade&#8221; (com'&#232; previsto nei sistemi di common law, come gli USA) e non lo hanno fatto. Questo fa pensare che l'intenzione sia quella di mettere in discussione i principi sanciti con tale sentenza.</p></li><li><p>Sei giudici della Corte Suprema su nove sono stati nominati da Presidenti repubblicani e sono quindi portatori di posizioni conservatrici ed antiabortiste.</p></li></ol><p>Se la decisione fosse approvata, le conseguenze sarebbero tragiche.</p><p>Innanzitutto, mancando una legge federale sull'aborto, la disciplina della materia sarebbe rimessa alla legislazione di ogni singolo stato. Il che comporterebbe, da un lato, un trattamento diversificato a seconda dello stato in cui la donne vive e, dall'altro lato, il rischio che l'eventuale tutela del diritto di aborto muti facilmente e rapidamente con il mutare della forza politica al governo.</p><p>In secondo luogo, almeno 26 stati (colorati in arancione nell'infografica qui sotto), sarebbero pronti a vietare o a limitare fortemente il diritto d'aborto.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png" width="225" height="225" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:225,&quot;width&quot;:225,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:12269,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hh33!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7946be2-5036-431b-b0a3-99c213075691_225x225.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Infografica di <a href="https://www.guttmacher.org/infographic/2021/if-us-supreme-court-overturns-or-guts-roe-v-wade-26-states-are-certain-or-likely">Guttmacher Institute</a></em></p><p>Se infatti &#8220;Roe v. Wade&#8221; venisse rovesciata, troverebbero applicazione le leggi di <a href="https://legiscan.com/AL/text/HB314/id/1980843">Alabama</a> e <a href="https://legiscan.com/OK/text/SB13/id/1826987">Oklahoma</a> che vietano l'aborto sempre, anche in caso di stupro o incesto, a meno che non sia a rischio la vita della gestante. Entrerebbe in vigore anche il cd &#8220;<a href="https://legiscan.com/TX/text/SB8/id/2395961">heartbeat bill</a>&#8221; approvato in Texas lo scorso luglio, che vieta l'aborto dal momento in cui &#232; percepibile il battito cardiaco del feto, ossia dalla sesta settimana di gravidanza. Cos&#236; come le leggi analoghe di <a href="https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/sessioninfo/2021/legislation/H0366.pdf">Idaho</a>, <a href="https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20192020/184245">Georgia</a>, <a href="https://legiscan.com/OH/text/SB23/id/1990622">Ohio</a>, <a href="https://legiscan.com/KY/bill/SB9/2019">Kentucky</a> e <a href="https://legiscan.com/LA/text/SB184/id/2030984">Louisiana</a>.</p><p><strong>Qualche considerazione.</strong></p><p>Criminalizzare l'aborto e/o renderne particolarmente difficoltoso l'esercizio da parte delle donne, non &#232; mai la soluzione corretta. Lo dimostrano i numeri, prima ancora della coscienza. Ogni anno, circa <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/09-03-2022-access-to-safe-abortion-critical-for-health-of-women-and-girls">39.000</a> donne nel mondo muoiono a causa di aborti praticati clandestinamente e 5 milioni soffrono di disabilit&#224; temporanee o permanenti causate da queste pratiche eseguite da personale non qualificato e senza alcun rispetto delle norme igienico-sanitarie. I paesi in cui l'aborto &#232; legale, hanno una <a href="https://www.guttmacher.org/fr/fact-sheet/avortement-provoque-dans-le-monde">percentuale</a> di aborti praticati simile ai paesi in cui &#232; illegale, dove si &#232; registrato un aumento delle interruzioni volontarie di gravidanza dal 36% del 1990 al 50% nel 2019.</p><p>Vietando l'aborto, quindi, i pro-life non raggiungeranno il loro agognato obiettivo di azzerare le interruzioni volontarie di gravidanza, ma semmai faranno aumentare la mortalit&#224; delle donne, i rischi per la loro salute e la discriminazione. Perch&#233;  diciamocelo, le donne ricche continueranno a poter esercitare un loro diritto recandosi all'estero, in paesi ove l'aborto &#232; legale, mentre le donne meno abbienti no e saranno costrette a ricorrere a pratiche pericolosissime per la loro salute e la loro vita ovvero a portare a termine gravidanze indesiderate. </p><p>Questo &#232; ci&#242; che rischia di capitare negli Stati Uniti, la tanto autoproclamata patria dell'emancipazione e della libert&#224;. Quegli stessi Stati Uniti che si preoccupano maggiormente di fomentare conflitti armati in territori da loro lontani migliaia di chilometri e che non pensano minimamente al grave pregiudizio che possono subire le donne americane tra poco pi&#249; di un mese.</p><p>Ad ogni modo, questa sentenza &#232; a mio avviso esemplificativa di due importanti problemi sistemici degli Stati Uniti:</p><ol><li><p>La nomina politica dei giudici. I giudici della Corte Suprema vengono proposti dal Presidente ed approvati dal Senato. Capite bene che i giudici sono quindi portatori non di legalit&#224;, ma degli stessi interessi politici di coloro che li hanno nominati e ci&#242;, inevitabilmente, influisce e condiziona le loro decisioni, a discapito della funzione che i magistrati esercitano: la funzione giudiziaria. C&#8217;&#232; quindi una grandissima mescolanza tra potere politico e quello giudiziario, in violazione del principio della separazione dei poteri elaborato da Montesquieu nel lontano 1748, garanzia dello stato di diritto e della democrazia.</p></li><li><p>La mancanza di una legge federale. Temi cos&#236; importanti e divisivi, come l&#8217;interruzione volontaria di gravidanza, non dovrebbero essere disciplinati da precedenti giudiziari, che, per quanto vincolanti nei sistemi di common law, sono per loro natura destinati a mutare nel tempo, specie se si considera che, appunto, i giudici sono di nomina politica. Una legge federale che detti principi inderogabili per tutti gli Stati che compongono gli USA, garantirebbe, in primo luogo, un trattamento uguale a tutte le donne in tutto il territorio americano e, in secondo luogo, tale tutela sarebbe pi&#249; stabile e duratura.</p></li></ol><p>In conclusione, quindi, dobbiamo sperare che la sentenza del giudice Alito non trovi concordi la maggioranza dei colleghi della Corte Suprema. Soprattutto ora, dopo che il recente tentativo dei Democratici di rendere la  la &#8220;Roe v. Wade&#8221; legge federale non &#232; purtroppo andato a buon fine. Hanno infatti <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/05/11/abortion-senate-vote/">votato contro</a> tutti i Senatori repubblicani ed anche il democratico Joe Manchin. Il Presidente Biden ha garantito che i Democratici continueranno a combattere per i diritti delle donne e noi ce lo auguriamo. Anche se questa &#232; una battaglia che dovrebbe essere priva di colore politico.</p><p>Si tratta di un atto dovuto, perch&#233; sul corpo delle donne, devono poter decidere esclusivamente le donne e nessun altro.</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[IDAHOBIT 2022 🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍⚧️]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127752;Today is the &#119816;&#119847;&#119853;&#119838;&#119851;&#119847;&#119834;&#119853;&#119842;&#119848;&#119847;&#119834;&#119845; &#119811;&#119834;&#119858; &#119808;&#119840;&#119834;&#119842;&#119847;&#119852;&#119853; &#119815;&#119848;&#119846;&#119848;&#119849;&#119841;&#119848;&#119835;&#119842;&#119834;, &#119827;&#119851;&#119834;&#119847;&#119852;&#119849;&#119841;&#119848;&#119835;&#119842;&#119834; &#119834;&#119847;&#119837; &#119809;&#119842;&#119849;&#119841;&#119848;&#119835;&#119842;&#119834; (IDAHOBIT).]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/idahobit-2022-</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/idahobit-2022-</guid><pubDate>Tue, 17 May 2022 11:19:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ece9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cf5984a-fd0a-481a-9da7-e29be7c0bd09_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ece9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cf5984a-fd0a-481a-9da7-e29be7c0bd09_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ece9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cf5984a-fd0a-481a-9da7-e29be7c0bd09_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ece9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cf5984a-fd0a-481a-9da7-e29be7c0bd09_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ece9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cf5984a-fd0a-481a-9da7-e29be7c0bd09_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ece9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cf5984a-fd0a-481a-9da7-e29be7c0bd09_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#127752;Today is the &#119816;&#119847;&#119853;&#119838;&#119851;&#119847;&#119834;&#119853;&#119842;&#119848;&#119847;&#119834;&#119845; &#119811;&#119834;&#119858; &#119808;&#119840;&#119834;&#119842;&#119847;&#119852;&#119853; &#119815;&#119848;&#119846;&#119848;&#119849;&#119841;&#119848;&#119835;&#119842;&#119834;, &#119827;&#119851;&#119834;&#119847;&#119852;&#119849;&#119841;&#119848;&#119835;&#119842;&#119834; &#119834;&#119847;&#119837; &#119809;&#119842;&#119849;&#119841;&#119848;&#119835;&#119842;&#119834; (IDAHOBIT).</p><p>&#128204;It was first celebrated on 17 May 2004. IDAHOBIT was chosen because in 1990 on this day the World Health Organization removed homosexuality from the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death.</p><p>&#10145;&#65039;The battle for LGBTQIA+ rights has a long history. It began in 1948 when Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights prohibited any discrimination based on personal status. This principle is enshrined in Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 2000 was the first international document to explicitly prohibit any discrimination based on sexual orientation.</p><p>&#127384;Unfortunately, today the LGBT community still suffers from violence, harassment and discrimination. There are still politicians who promote homophobic policies and incite hatred.</p><p>&#119931;&#119945;&#119946;&#119956; &#119946;&#119956; &#119958;&#119951;&#119938;&#119940;&#119940;&#119942;&#119953;&#119957;&#119938;&#119939;&#119949;&#119942; &#119938;&#119951;&#119941; &#119950;&#119958;&#119956;&#119957; &#119939;&#119942; &#119943;&#119952;&#119958;&#119944;&#119945;&#119957;!</p><p>&#127466;&#127482;In this context, the action of the European Union is crucial. We think that two changes are needed:</p><p>1&#65039;&#8419;The European Union and national governments must combat prejudice and intolerance with concrete action, promoting awareness-raising programmes for LGBT equality. Education and cultural acceptance are key elements in solving the problem.</p><p>2&#65039;&#8419; Policies for equal treatment in both civil and social rights are needed. Marriage equality is still allowed only in 16 EU Member States Adoption by persons of the same gender is only allowed in 14 EU Member States.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Good news from Southern Europe on the civil rights front!]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127468;&#127479; Greece has banned &#119940;&#119952;&#119951;&#119959;&#119942;&#119955;&#119956;&#119946;&#119952;&#119951; &#119957;&#119945;&#119942;&#119955;&#119938;&#119953;&#119946;&#119942;&#119956; for LGBTQIA+ people, joining Spain, France, Germany and Malta who have already criminalized them.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/good-news-from-southern-europe-on</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/good-news-from-southern-europe-on</guid><pubDate>Fri, 13 May 2022 07:00:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:null,&quot;width&quot;:null,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2447581,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dZTM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cd93846-df89-492a-ad19-16b5c4c8c515_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#127468;&#127479; Greece has banned &#119940;&#119952;&#119951;&#119959;&#119942;&#119955;&#119956;&#119946;&#119952;&#119951; &#119957;&#119945;&#119942;&#119955;&#119938;&#119953;&#119946;&#119942;&#119956; for LGBTQIA+ people, joining Spain, France, Germany and Malta who have already criminalized them. The ban is part of a national strategy aimed at promoting gender equality in Greece.</p><p>&#127466;&#127480; Spain is discussing a draft law which provides &#119950;&#119942;&#119951;&#119956;&#119957;&#119955;&#119958;&#119938;&#119949; &#119949;&#119942;&#119938;&#119959;&#119942; from work for women with dysmenorrhea, a strong and painful menstrual cycle. This is the first such law at European level and a radical change in the approach to a subject that is still taboo. The draft also provides for the abolition of VAT on sanitary napkins and the possibility of aborting at 16 years without parental authorisation.</p><p>&#128170;&#127995;This is the Europe we like and love: a Europe on the side of rights that wants gender equality!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Happy birthday Istanbul Convention]]></title><description><![CDATA[On May 11, 2011, the Istanbul Convention was signed, an important instrument against gender-based violence.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/happy-birthday-istanbul-convention</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/happy-birthday-istanbul-convention</guid><pubDate>Wed, 11 May 2022 15:47:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQ0r!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5f32485-ae31-45e0-a82e-a490f76a2309_1080x1080.png" 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12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>On May 11, 2011, the Istanbul Convention was signed, an important instrument against gender-based violence.</p><p>Too many countries are still missing: the fight against violence against women continues to be an international political challenge.</p><p>#IstanbulConventionSavesLives </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🄸🄽🅃🄴🅁🄽🄰🅃🄸🄾🄽🄰🄻 🅆🄾🄼🄴🄽'🅂 🄳🄰🅈🌹]]></title><description><![CDATA[We want to dedicate this March 8 to all women fleeing from wars and violence: Ukrainian women, Syrian women, Afghan women, women fleeing Libya, Kurdish women, Iraqi and Palestinian women.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--379</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--379</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 Mar 2022 09:58:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png" width="1080" height="1080" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:524242,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_dhI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d1d3d66-6510-4ff0-9983-5093776aa058_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>We want to dedicate this March 8 to all women fleeing from wars and violence: Ukrainian women, Syrian women, Afghan women, women fleeing Libya, Kurdish women, Iraqi and Palestinian women. To the many Russian women who challenge Putin&#8217;s dictatorship to demand peace. To all the women in the world who resist and demand equality.</p><p>We would like to share with you a piece of manifesto by Russian feminists who have united against the occupation and war in Ukraine: &#8220;Anyone who is capable of critical thinking understands well that these traditional values include gender inequality, exploitation of women, and state repression against those whose way of life, self-identification, and actions do not conform with narrow patriarchal norms&#8221;.</p><p>At this link you can find the full text &#10145;&#65039; <a href="https://jacobinmag.com/2022/02/russian-feminist-antiwar-resistance-ukraine-putin">https://jacobinmag.com/2022/02/russian-feminist-antiwar-resistance-ukraine-putin</a></p><p>#FeministAntiWarResistance#FeministsAgainstWar</p><p>#8marchwomensday</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇪🇺 European Parliament asked for a European directive to stamp out gender-based cyberviolence and ensure convergence at national and EU level. ]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#128187; MEPs adopted a legislative initiative report on tackling gender-based cyberviolence with 513 votes in favour, 122 against, and 58 abstentions.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/-european-parliament-asked-for-a</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/-european-parliament-asked-for-a</guid><pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 10:47:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png" width="1080" height="1080" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:572766,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ilS1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98d2473d-e107-4e37-b1c5-daca9c8dc3d4_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#128187; MEPs adopted a legislative initiative report on tackling gender-based cyberviolence with 513 votes in favour, 122 against, and 58 abstentions. The text reiterates the EU&#8217;s lack of an adequate legal framework to combat the phenomenon, and to protect and support victims. A common definition of gender-based cyberviolence is needed in criminal law, say MEPs, as are harmonised minimum and maximum penalties.</p><p>&#127801; This is an important step in addition to what the European Parliament did in September: it asked the European Commission to include gender-based violence among the Euro-crimes.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[𝔻𝕖𝕔𝕖𝕞𝕓𝕖𝕣, 𝟙𝕤𝕥. - 𝕎𝕠𝕣𝕝𝕕 𝔸𝕀𝔻𝕊 𝔻𝕒𝕪]]></title><description><![CDATA[For World AIDS Day, we want to share with you our proposals:]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--ecb</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--ecb</guid><pubDate>Wed, 01 Dec 2021 11:05:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8gE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46716002-9204-492d-8c17-33bac58b0aad_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>For World AIDS Day, we want to share with you our proposals:</p><p>1&#65039;&#8419; End of the stigma. The disease should not say something about the person who has it. The stigma violates equality and makes HIV and AIDS a taboo.</p><p>2&#65039;&#8419; Sex education and affectivity. Education is the main resource to prevent contagion and the spread of STDs.</p><p>3&#65039;&#8419; Prevention. Go tesing to stop HIV and AIDS infections.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La violenza di genere diventi euro-crimine 🇮🇹]]></title><description><![CDATA[Una nuova speranza viene accesa dal Parlamento Europeo e dalla Presidente della Commissione Europea.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/la-violenza-di-genere-diventi-euro</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/la-violenza-di-genere-diventi-euro</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 2021 09:34:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png" width="1456" height="820" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NQbX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6407977-492c-4c20-81f4-2f35daf94dc9_1640x924.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Quest&#8217;anno possiamo vivere la <a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/ending-violence-against-women-day">giornata internazionale per l&#8217;eliminazione della violenza contro le donne</a> (<a href="x-apple-data-detectors://0">25 novembre</a>) come sempre, in modo combattivo e propositivo, ma con una speranza in pi&#249;: finalmente qualcosa sta cambiando nell&#8217;Unione Europea.</p><p>Ursula von der Leyen, nell&#8217;ultimo <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/ov/SPEECH_21_4701">discorso sullo stato dell&#8217;Unione Europea</a> che ha tenuto lo scorso 15 settembre, cos&#236; ha ammonito:</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;difendendo i nostri valori difendiamo anche la libert&#224;. Libert&#224; di essere noi stessi, libert&#224; di dire quello che ci passa per la testa, libert&#224; di amare chi vogliamo. </strong>Libert&#224; significa anche essere liberi dalla paura. Durante la pandemia molte donne sono state private di questa libert&#224;. &#200; stato un periodo a dir poco terribile per chi non aveva un posto dove nascondersi, per chi non poteva fuggire da nessuna parte per sottrarsi alle violenze. Dobbiamo illuminare queste tenebre, indicando vie per porre fine alla sofferenza. Gli autori delle violenze devono essere portati in giudizio. <strong>E le donne devono poter vivere libere e indipendenti. </strong>Per questo motivo entro la fine dell'anno <strong>presenteremo una proposta di legge per la lotta contro la violenza sulle donne</strong>. Parliamo del perseguimento efficace dei reati, di prevenzione e protezione, online e offline. <strong>Parliamo della dignit&#224; di ciascuno, di giustizia. Perch&#233; questa &#232; l'anima dell'Europa. E noi dobbiamo rafforzarla&#8221;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Il giorno dopo, il Parlamento Europeo ha adottato un&#8217;importantissima <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0388_IT.html">risoluzione</a> con cui ha chiesto alla Commissione Europea di inserire la violenza di genere tra gli euro-crimini. Vediamo di cosa si tratta.</p><h4>Cosa sono gli euro-crimini?</h4><p>Innanzitutto, facciamo una doverosa premessa: l&#8217;Unione Europea non ha una competenza diretta generale in materia penale. Ci&#242; significa che, con un proprio atto, non pu&#242; stabilire che un qualunque comportamento costituisca reato in tutti i paesi europei n&#232; pu&#242; prevedere per esso una sanzione valida in tutti gli Stati Membri, essendo queste prerogative esclusive di questi ultimi. Tuttavia, il <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/italy/it/scoprire-l-europa/il-trattato-di-lisbona#:~:text=Il%20Trattato%20di%20Lisbona%2C%20entrato,all'allargamento%20dell'UE.&amp;text=Nei%20primi%20articoli%20del%20Trattato,e%20gli%20obiettivi%20dell'Unione.">Trattato di Lisbona</a> del 2009 ha introdotto delle novit&#224; sul punto. </p><p>Con il Trattato siglato in Portogallo, infatti, &#232; stata superata la struttura a pilastri (Comunit&#224; Europee; Politica Estera e Sicurezza Comune; Giustizia e Affari Interni) che aveva caratterizzato l&#8217;Unione Europea a partire dal Trattato di Maastricht del 1992. Sino al 2009, la materia penale rientrava nel terzo pilastro (Giustizia e Affari Interni) ed i poteri di controllo delle istituzioni europee sugli Stati Membri erano soggetti a stringenti restrizioni. I paesi europei sono infatti da sempre estremamente &#8220;gelosi&#8221; della propria competenza a legiferare nella materia penale e sono tendenzialmente restii a cederne anche solo un pezzettino all&#8217;Unione Europea. A partire dal 2009, invece, venuto meno il terzo pilastro, all&#8217;Unione Europea &#232; stato riconosciuto qualche potere in pi&#249;. Essa, tra le altre cose, pu&#242; adottare delle <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:it:PDF">direttive che rechino delle norme minime</a> (alle quali i singoli stati devono uniformarsi) per definire i reati e le relative sanzioni che riguardino sfere di criminalit&#224; particolarmente gravi e che abbiano carattere transnazionale. Gli ambiti di criminalit&#224; in cui l&#8217;Unione Europea pu&#242; intervenire sono quelli previsti espressamente dall&#8217;art. 83 del <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:it:PDF">Trattato sul Funzionamento dell&#8217;Unione Europea</a> (T.F.U.E.), ossia: terrorismo, tratta degli esseri umani e sfruttamento sessuale delle donne e dei minori, traffico illecito di stupefacenti, traffico illecito di armi, riciclaggio di denaro, corruzione, contraffazione di mezzi di pagamento, criminalit&#224; informatica e criminalit&#224; organizzata. A queste sfere di criminalit&#224; possono aggiungersene altre su decisione del Consiglio dell&#8217;Unione Europea previa approvazione del Parlamento europeo. Ed &#232; proprio in tale contesto che si colloca la recente risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo di cui vi parlavo all&#8217;inizio dell&#8217;articolo.</p><h4>Cosa dice la risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo?</h4><blockquote><p>&#8220;<em>La <strong>violenza di genere</strong>, sia online che offline, e la mancanza di accesso a una protezione adeguata costituiscono la <strong>manifestazione pi&#249; grave della discriminazione di genere</strong> e rappresentano una violazione dei diritti fondamentali sanciti dalla Carta</em>&#8221;.</p></blockquote><p>Si apre con queste parole la <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0388_IT.html">risoluzione</a> approvata il 16 settembre 2021 dal Parlamento Europeo con 427 voti favorevoli, 119 contrari e 140 astensioni. </p><p>E prosegue mettendo nero su bianco cosa si intenda per violenza di genere. Vi sbagliate di grosso, infatti, se pensate che tale termine si riferisca esclusivamente alla violenza diretta contro una o pi&#249; donne. Gli Europarlamentari ci tengono ad esplicitare un concetto che dovrebbe essere scritto a caratteri cubitali in ogni dove: le vittime della violenza di genere sono non solo le donne, ma anche le persone LGBTQI+.</p><p>La violenza di genere nei confronti delle persone LGBTQI+ si estrinseca infatti nella violenza fisica e psicologica, nei matrimoni forzati, nella violenza sessuale, compreso lo stupro &#8220;correttivo&#8221; e le molestie sessuali, nelle mutilazioni genitali femminili ed intersessuali, nella sterilizzazione forzata delle persone transgender ed intersessuali, nei cd reati &#8220;d'onore&#8221;, nella terapia di conversione, nell'incitamento all'odio sia online che offline, nel bullismo e molestie, nella privazione socio-economica e nella violenza che si verifica all'interno della famiglia e/o dell'unit&#224; domestica.</p><p>Il Parlamento Europeo d&#224; atto poi di altre modalit&#224; di estrinsecazione della violenza di genere, pi&#249; e meno note: dagli atti di violenza contro il genere femminile, come il femminicidio, le lesioni o sofferenze fisiche, sessuali, psicologiche o economiche,  la violenza domestica, la violenza e le molestie sessuali online. </p><p>Tutti questi gravissimi atti di violenza, ad avviso del Parlamento Europeo, dovrebbero essere qualificati come euro-crimini. Concludono infatti gli Europarlamentari chiedendo alla Commissione Europea di presentare una proposta di decisione del Consiglio al fine di elencare la violenza di genere come una nuova sfera di criminalit&#224; ai sensi dell&#8217;art. 83 T.F.U.E. di cui vi parlavo poco fa, insieme a tutti gli altri crimini indicati che devono essere combattuti su base comune. Detto in altre parole: se l&#8217;iter in questione dovesse concludersi in modo positivo, l&#8217;Unione Europea potrebbe stabilire definizioni e standard giuridici comuni, nonch&#233; fissare sanzioni penali minime in tutta l'Unione Europea in materia di violenza di genere.</p><h4>Concretamente, serve a qualcosa includere la violenza di genere negli euro-crimini?</h4><p>La risposta &#232; si. L&#8217;azione europea sul punto &#232; veramente positiva e, qualora andasse a buon fine, a mio avviso, assesterebbe un ottimo colpo alla violenza di genere, per le seguenti ragioni:</p><ol><li><p>Le donne, le persone LGBTQI+ e tutte le altre vittime di violenza di genere non sono protette in modo uguale nei diversi Stati Membri dell&#8217;Unione Europea a causa della diversit&#224; della disciplina legislativa nazionale e dei meccanismi di protezione e prevenzione. Ad aggravare questa situazione, vi sono delle gravi carenze sistemiche nel contrasto alla violenza di genere: ad esempio, i tassi di condanna dei responsabili delle violenze di genere, soprattutto nell&#8217;ambito delle violenze sessuali, sono estremamente bassi. Tutto ci&#242; potrebbe essere meglio arginato con un approccio unitario in cui l&#8217;Unione Europea detti una definizione unica di violenza di genere nonch&#232; delle regole e delle sanzioni comuni, cui tutti gli Stati Membri devono uniformarsi.</p></li><li><p>La portata del problema &#232; immensa e non pu&#242; pi&#249; lasciarci indifferenti ed inermi. Fermo restando che in materia di violenza di genere vi &#232; un gap nella raccolta di dati che deve essere assolutamente risolto, quei pochi che abbiamo a disposizione evidenziano che nell&#8217;Unione Europea una donna su tre (per un totale di 62 milioni di donne), ha subito violenza sessuale e/o fisica dall'et&#224; di 15 anni e che una donna su due (quindi il 50 %) &#232; stata vittima di molestie sessuali. In Europa si conta una vittima di violenza di genere ogni sei ore. L'<a href="https://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_942_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf">Organizzazione mondiale della sanit&#224;</a> riferisce poi che, a livello mondiale, quasi un terzo (ossia il 27 %) delle donne nella fascia di et&#224; compresa tra i 15 e i 49 anni che hanno avuto una relazione &#232; stata vittima di una qualche forma di violenza fisica e/o sessuale da parte del proprio partner e che il 38 % di tutti gli omicidi di donne &#232; commesso dai partner di queste ultime. La pandemia da COVID-19 e le misure di confinamento obbligatorio hanno poi aggravato questo quadro gi&#224; tragico, comportando un drastico aumento della violenza di genere, subita in particolare dal partner, compresa la violenza fisica e psicologica, il controllo coercitivo e la violenza online: sempre l&#8217;O.M.S. ha segnalato un aumento del 60 % delle chiamate di emergenza da parte di donne vittime di violenza da parte del loro partner. Evidente quindi che qualcosa va fatto ed anche subito.</p></li><li><p>Gli effetti della violenza di genere sono devastanti e molteplici. Vi sono infatti ripercussioni psicologiche sulle vittime, quali stress, sensazione di insicurezza o vulnerabilit&#224;, problemi di concentrazione, ansia, attacchi di panico, isolamento sociale, bassa autostima, depressione, disturbi da stress post-traumatico nonch&#233; mancanza di fiducia e di senso di controllo, oltre alla paura o persino pensieri suicidi Insomma, risolvere questo problema gioverebbe a tutti. Ma vi sono anche effetti a livello sociale, economico e democratico, come la mancanza di accesso ai posti di lavoro, l'isolamento, il ritiro dalla vita pubblica o la privazione di risorse materiali o finanziarie, che aggravano la posizione di svantaggio delle donne. Insomma, risolvere la violenza di genere una volta per tutte &#232; un dovere, ma gioverebbe anche a chiunque.</p></li></ol><p>Inserire la violenza di genere tra gli euro-crimini consentirebbe di fare un importante passo verso l&#8217;uguaglianza e verso la lotta alla violenza, rispondendo finalmente ad una grandissima esigenza sociale. </p><p>Non resta quindi che aspettare l&#8217;approvazione del Consiglio, non priv&#601; di felicit&#224; e di soddisfazione perch&#232; qualcosa finalmente si sta muovendo. I movimenti di protesta delle donne contro la violenza e contro il patriarcato che ancora oggi, per fortuna, riempiono le piazze di tutto il mondo, stanno dando i loro frutti tanto agognati. </p><p>Voglio salutarvi con &#8220;<em>Un violador en tu camino</em>&#8221;, la nota canzone scritta dal collettivo femminista cileno Las Tesis, proprio in occasione della Giornata internazionale dell&#8217;eliminazione della violenza contro le donne del 2019, canzone cantata dalle donne di tutto il mondo in tutto il mondo.</p><div id="youtube2-aB7r6hdo3W4" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;aB7r6hdo3W4&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/aB7r6hdo3W4?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇪🇺 Gender-based violence should become a Euro-crime]]></title><description><![CDATA[A new hope is kindled by the European Parliament and the President of the European Commission.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/-gender-based-violence-should-become</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/-gender-based-violence-should-become</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 2021 08:00:35 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png 848w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XI5f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31dd6fee-b2c0-46ab-886a-b68a1c413f78_1640x924.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>This year we mark the<a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/ending-violence-against-women-day"> international day for the elimination of violence against women</a> (25th November) as always, in a combative and proactive way, but with one new hope: finally, something is changing in the European Union.</p><p>Ursula von der Leyen in the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/ov/SPEECH_21_4701">speech on the state of the European Union</a> on 15 September admonished:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;When we defend our values &#8203;&#8203;we also defend freedom. Freedom to be who you are, freedom to say what's on your mind, freedom to love whoever you want. </strong>But freedom also means freedom from fear. And during the pandemic, too many women were deprived of that freedom. It was a particularly terrible time for those with nowhere to hide, nowhere to escape from their abusers. We need to bring light to this darkness, we need to show ways out of the pain. Their abusers must be brought to justice. <strong>And women must live freely and with self-determination again.</strong> We will therefore by the end of year <strong>propose a law to combat violence against women</strong>. It is about the effective prosecution of crimes, about prevention and protection, both online and offline. <strong>It is about the dignity of each individual, and about justice. Because this is the soul of Europe. And we must strengthen it.&#8221;</strong></p></blockquote><p>The next day, the European Parliament adopted a very important <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0388_EN.html">resolution</a> asking the European Commission to include gender-based violence among the Euro-crimes. Let&#8217;s start by explaining what a Euro-crime is.</p><p><strong>What are Euro-crimes?</strong></p><p>First of all, we need to recognise that the European Union does not have direct authority in criminal matters. This means that it cannot establish that any behaviour constitutes a crime in all European countries, nor can it establish sanctions that are valid in all Member States, as these are the exclusive prerogatives of the Member States. However, in 2009 the<a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/in-the-past/the-parliament-and-the-treaties/treaty-of-lisbon"> Lisbon Treaty</a> introduced some important changes in this area, and for the entire structure of the European Union.</p><p>Since the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the European Union had been characterised by a pillar structure, comprising the European Communities, Common Foreign Policy and Security, and Justice and Internal Affairs. Criminal matters fell within the third pillar (Justice and Internal Affairs) and here the powers of the European institutions over the Member States were very restricted. European countries have always been protective of their authority to legislate in criminal matters. But with the Lisbon Treaty, the third pillar disappeared, and the European Union was granted additional powers. Among other things, it can adopt some directives that contain minimum standards (with which individual states must comply) for defining the crimes and related sanctions for particularly serious offenses with a transnational character.&nbsp;</p><p>The areas of crime in which the European Union can intervene are those expressly provided for by Article 83 of<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:en:PDF"> Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a> (TFEU), namely: terrorism, trafficking in human beings and sexual exploitation of women and children, illicit drug trafficking, illicit arms trafficking, money laundering, corruption, counterfeiting of means of payment, cybercrime and organized crime. To these &#8216;Euro-crimes&#8217;, others can be added by the Council of the European Union with the approval of the European Parliament. And this is precisely what the current proposal would do.</p><h4><strong>What does the resolution of the European Parliament say?</strong></h4><blockquote><p>&#8220;Gender-based violence, both online and offline, and the lack of access to adequate protection is the <strong>most severe manifestation of gender-based discrimination </strong>and constitutes a violation of fundamental rights as enshrined in the Charter"</p></blockquote><p>With these words open the<a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2021-0388_EN.html"> resolution</a> was approved on September 16, 2021 by the European Parliament with 427 votes in favour, 119 against and 140 abstentions.</p><p>The resolution continues by putting pen to paper on what is meant by gender-based violence. You are very wrong, in fact, if you think that this term refers exclusively to violence directed against one or more women. The MEPs are keen to make explicit a concept that should be heralded the world over: the victims of gender-based violence are not only women, but also LGBTQI+ people.</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;gender-based violence against LGBTIQ+ persons includes physical violence, psychological violence, forced marriages, sexual violence, including &#8216;corrective&#8217; rape and sexual harassment, female and intersex genital mutilations, forced sterilisation of trans and intersex people, so-called &#8216;honour&#8217; crimes, conversion therapy, hate speech, both online and offline, bullying and harassment, socio-economic deprivation and violence that occurs within the family and/or domestic unit&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>The European Parliament then acknowledges other ways of expressing gender-based violence, both more and less well-known: from acts of violence against the female gender, such as femicide, to physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering, as well as domestic violence, and sexual harassment online.</p><p>All these very serious acts of violence, in the opinion of the European Parliament, should qualify as Euro-crimes. In fact, the MEPs conclude by asking the European Commission to present a proposal for a Council decision that would list gender-based violence as a new sphere of crime pursuant to Article 83 of TFEU mentioned above, together with all the other Euro-crimes that must be fought on a common basis. If the process succeeds, the European Union could establish common definitions and legal standards, as well as set minimum criminal sanctions throughout the European Union, in the field of gender-based violence.</p><h4><strong>Is there any point in including gender-based violence in Euro-crimes?</strong></h4><p>The answer is yes. European level action on this issue is really positive and, if successful, in my opinion, it would land a great blow against gender-based violence, for the following reasons:</p><ol><li><p>Women, LGBTQI+ people and all other victims of gender-based violence are not protected in the same way in the different Member States of the European Union, due to the diversity of the national legislatures and the mechanisms of protection and prevention. Compounding this variation, there are serious systemic deficiencies in the fight against gender-based violence: for example, the conviction rates of those responsible for gender-based violence, especially in the area of &#8203;&#8203;sexual violence, are extremely low. This could be better addressed with a unified approach in which the European Union dictates a single definition of gender-based violence as well as common rules and sanctions, with which all Member States must comply.</p></li><li><p>The scope of the problem is immense and can no longer leave us indifferent and helpless. Even in spite of the huge gap in the collection of data on gender-based violence that must absolutely be resolved, we know that in the European Union one in three women, or 62 million women, has suffered sexual and/or physical violence from the age of 15, and that one in two women (55%) has been a victim of sexual harassment. In Europe, there is one victim of gender-based violence every six hours. The <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women">World Health Organization also</a> reports that, worldwide, nearly one third (27%) of women aged 15 to 49 who have been in a relationship have been victims of some form of physical and/or sexual violence committed by their partner, and that 38% of all murders of women are committed by their partners. The COVID-19 pandemic and compulsory confinement measures aggravated this already tragic picture, leading to a drastic increase in gender-based violence, suffered in particular by the partner, including physical and psychological violence, coercive control, and online violence. The WHO reported a 60% increase in emergency calls from women victims of violence by their partners. It is therefore clear that something must be done and immediately.</p></li><li><p>The effects of gender-based violence are devastating and multiple. There are psychological repercussions for the victims, such as stress, feelings of insecurity or vulnerability, problems with concentration, anxiety, panic attacks, social isolation, low self-esteem, depression, post-traumatic stress disorders as well as lack of confidence and sense of control, in addition to fear or even suicidal thoughts. These repercussions have flow-on effects for our health and social services, as well as for workplaces and businesses. There are also social and economic effects such as lack of access to jobs, isolation, withdrawal from public life, or deprivation of material or financial resources, which aggravate the disadvantage of women. Resolving gender-based violence once and for all is a duty, but it would also benefit all of society.</p></li></ol><p>Including gender-based violence among the Euro-crimes would make it possible to take an important step towards equality and towards the fight against violence, finally responding to a very great social need.</p><p>All that remains is to wait for the approval of the Council, but we should not be deprived of happiness and satisfaction, because something is finally moving. The women's protest movements against violence and against the patriarchy, which still today fill squares all over the world, are finally bearing their well-earned fruits.</p><p>I want to close with "<em>Un violador en tu camino</em>" (A rapist in your way), the well-known song written by the Chilean feminist collective Las Tesis on the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women in 2019 - a song sung by women from all over the world:</p><div id="youtube2-aB7r6hdo3W4" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;aB7r6hdo3W4&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/aB7r6hdo3W4?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🅷🅰🅿🅿🆈 🅱🅸🆁🆃🅷🅳🅰🆈 🅸🆂🆃🅰🅽🅱🆄🅻 🅲🅾🅽🆅🅴🅽🆃🅸🅾🅽!]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127801; The Istanbul Convention is now 10 years old.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--73d</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--73d</guid><pubDate>Mon, 22 Nov 2021 17:50:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TqD6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd67dbb9-953d-4fa3-8e24-5b2032621118_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#127801; The Istanbul Convention is now 10 years old. It is an international instrument to protect women&#8217;s rights. Unfortunately, it is all too often disregarded or rejected.</p><p>&#127481;&#127479; As in Turkey, where the reactionary government of Erdogan decided to withdraw the country from the Convention in July and prosecutes violent discrimination against women.</p><p>&#127477;&#127473; Poland is also threatening to leave the Convention.</p><p>&#127463;&#127468;<strong> </strong>Bulgaria, &#127464;&#127487;Czech Republic, &#127469;&#127482;Hungary, &#127473;&#127481;Lithuania, &#127473;&#127483;Latvia and &#127480;&#127472;Slovakia have not yet ratified the Istanbul Convention.</p><p>&#127466;&#127482; Unfortunately patriarchy is rooted in society and it is everywhere: in institutions, in politics and language. A way of thinking and acting that holds so many women hostage. We thought it was an outdated concept but patriarchy is still here among us, every day, with its brutal and disturbing presence. And that is where we need to start again in order to take real action to combat gender-based violence.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[𝕋𝕣𝕒𝕟𝕤𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕕𝕖𝕣 𝔻𝕒𝕪 𝕠𝕗 ℝ𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕞𝕓𝕣𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕖]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127987;&#65039;&#8205;&#9895;&#65039; The Transgender Day of Remembrance has been observed annually (from its inception) on November 20 as a day to memorialize those who have &#8230;]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--d0d</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--d0d</guid><pubDate>Sat, 20 Nov 2021 13:02:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tj6c!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe07c279c-1233-491a-b3b9-29a9c8806377_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tj6c!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe07c279c-1233-491a-b3b9-29a9c8806377_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tj6c!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe07c279c-1233-491a-b3b9-29a9c8806377_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tj6c!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe07c279c-1233-491a-b3b9-29a9c8806377_1080x1080.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e07c279c-1233-491a-b3b9-29a9c8806377_1080x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:473776,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tj6c!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe07c279c-1233-491a-b3b9-29a9c8806377_1080x1080.png 424w, 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9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#127987;&#65039;&#8205;&#9895;&#65039; The Transgender Day of Remembrance has been observed annually (from its inception) on November 20 as a day to memorialize those who have been murdered as a result of transphobia. It is a day to draw attention to the continued violence endured by transgender people.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🅔🅠🅤🅐🅛 🅟🅐🅨 🅓🅐🅨]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127801; November 10 is #Equalpayday, the symbol of wage inequality between women and men.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--c2d</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/--c2d</guid><pubDate>Wed, 10 Nov 2021 12:37:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/youtube/w_728,c_limit/cgwfFRoOF3s" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#127801; November 10 is <a href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/equalpayday?__eep__=6&amp;__cft__[0]=AZX9e9DB6Mq94sXH7oyOLEuW7xLUXT04gr4rj7hbhsfktD1VHq4ea-0ivtdyKPmF59le-IoRhlrDCMDnLi4-8BjaiRcp8zmJEZyE833wqyrlnrEgZuaBeyzajnad9_LfMqFqgogA1xaBpNxiXpRziP_R4ACYu2Ly2RG0gcjJR0On3o6MiaFWzPEQw-2qIvli8kE&amp;__tn__=*NK-R">#Equalpayday</a>, the symbol of wage inequality between women and men. From now until the end of the year, women start working for free.</p><p>&#11015;&#65039;  Here you can find two podcast on the topic:  </p><p>1&#65039;&#8419;  A podcast with Alessandra Moretti, MEP of the S&amp;D group and member of the Commission for Women and Fair Opportunity.</p><p>2&#65039;&#8419;  A podcast on the Gender Pay Gap in Europe and on the law on equal pay recently approved in Italy with <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/338321813845980/user/1315700651/?__cft__[0]=AZX9e9DB6Mq94sXH7oyOLEuW7xLUXT04gr4rj7hbhsfktD1VHq4ea-0ivtdyKPmF59le-IoRhlrDCMDnLi4-8BjaiRcp8zmJEZyE833wqyrlnrEgZuaBeyzajnad9_LfMqFqgogA1xaBpNxiXpRziP_R4ACYu2Ly2RG0gcjJR0On3o6MiaFWzPEQw-2qIvli8kE&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">Alessia Pittelli</a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/338321813845980/user/1263492771/?__cft__[0]=AZX9e9DB6Mq94sXH7oyOLEuW7xLUXT04gr4rj7hbhsfktD1VHq4ea-0ivtdyKPmF59le-IoRhlrDCMDnLi4-8BjaiRcp8zmJEZyE833wqyrlnrEgZuaBeyzajnad9_LfMqFqgogA1xaBpNxiXpRziP_R4ACYu2Ly2RG0gcjJR0On3o6MiaFWzPEQw-2qIvli8kE&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">Giorgia Cazzola</a> and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/338321813845980/user/100000421483449/?__cft__[0]=AZX9e9DB6Mq94sXH7oyOLEuW7xLUXT04gr4rj7hbhsfktD1VHq4ea-0ivtdyKPmF59le-IoRhlrDCMDnLi4-8BjaiRcp8zmJEZyE833wqyrlnrEgZuaBeyzajnad9_LfMqFqgogA1xaBpNxiXpRziP_R4ACYu2Ly2RG0gcjJR0On3o6MiaFWzPEQw-2qIvli8kE&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">Paco Martino Ruzzante</a>.</p><p>&#127897; The podcast are in Italian &#127470;&#127481;  with English &#127466;&#127482;  subtitles.</p><p>&#127911; Enjoy the listening and let us know what do you think! #genderpaygap</p><p></p><div id="youtube2-cgwfFRoOF3s" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;cgwfFRoOF3s&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/cgwfFRoOF3s?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><div id="youtube2-KL6gJTaEidA" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;KL6gJTaEidA&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/KL6gJTaEidA?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:43107706,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arburyroad.eu/p/gender-pay-gap-and-the-italian-equal&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:408236,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Arbury Road&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd941f60-5475-45b1-b91e-ec7dc3f69847_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Gender Pay Gap and the Italian Equal Pay Draft Bill (podcast in &#127470;&#127481;)&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;Listen now (67 min) | &#127897;Podcast on the Gender Pay Gap during the European Gender Equality Week! We focused on the Italian Equal Pay Draft Bill. To discuss the GPG we had Giorgia Cazzola, Lawyer and Co-founder of Arbury Road and Alessia Pittelli, Lawyer and previously National Head of the Young Democrats. The podcast is in Italian but you find the subtitles in English and oth&#8230;&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2021-10-26T10:36:38.161Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:55253006,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Alessia Pittelli&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/58047ca4-1cb2-44e9-b787-8307a6e4948e_477x796.jpeg&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;I'm a lawyer. I have always dealt with human rights. 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We focused on the Italian Equal Pay Draft Bill. To discuss the GPG we had Giorgia Cazzola, Lawyer and Co-founder of Arbury Road and Alessia Pittelli, Lawyer and previously National Head of the Young Democrats. The podcast is in Italian but you find the subtitles in English and oth&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">4 years ago &#183; 5 likes &#183; Alessia Pittelli, Giorgia Cazzola, and Paco Martino Ruzzante</div></a></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇵🇱🇪🇺🅽🅾 🅾🅽🅴 🅴🅻🆂🅴 🅷🅰🆂 🆃🅾 🅳🅸🅴 ]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#127801; Poles march against abortion ban after #Izabela, a girl of just thirty years, has died in Poland because of an absurd law that prohibits abor&#8230;]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/-</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/-</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Nov 2021 07:28:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cp2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3404d3-94ca-4bf7-999e-2c9908212ccb_1080x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cp2p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3404d3-94ca-4bf7-999e-2c9908212ccb_1080x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cp2p!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3404d3-94ca-4bf7-999e-2c9908212ccb_1080x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cp2p!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3404d3-94ca-4bf7-999e-2c9908212ccb_1080x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cp2p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3404d3-94ca-4bf7-999e-2c9908212ccb_1080x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cp2p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee3404d3-94ca-4bf7-999e-2c9908212ccb_1080x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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pregnancies even in cases of severe and irreversible foetal defects, leading to a near-total ban on abortion.</p><p>&#127466;&#127482; The European Parliament has declared the Polish Constitutional Court illegitimate because it is responsible for undermining the self-determination of Polish women by endangering their lives.</p><p>&#119827;&#119841;&#119838; &#119812;&#119854;&#119851;&#119848;&#119849;&#119838;&#119834;&#119847; &#119828;&#119847;&#119842;&#119848;&#119847; &#119841;&#119834;&#119852; &#119834; &#119837;&#119854;&#119853;&#119858; &#119853;&#119848; &#119837;&#119838;&#119839;&#119838;&#119847;&#119837; &#119853;&#119841;&#119838; &#119851;&#119842;&#119840;&#119841;&#119853; &#119848;&#119839; &#119856;&#119848;&#119846;&#119838;&#119847; &#119853;&#119848; &#119837;&#119838;&#119836;&#119842;&#119837;&#119838; &#119853;&#119841;&#119838;&#119842;&#119851; &#119848;&#119856;&#119847; &#119835;&#119848;&#119837;&#119842;&#119838;&#119852;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Centring a Woman’s Right in the Art of Cindy Sherman and Frida Kahlo]]></title><description><![CDATA[Frida Kahlo, Henry Ford Hospital, 1932, oil on metal panel, Museo Dolores Olmedo Patino Mexico]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/centring-a-womans-right-in-the-art</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/centring-a-womans-right-in-the-art</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Josephine Neil]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 2021 10:14:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emA0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2323206b-7f20-4ecb-8c01-fc86e1e597d4_452x355.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 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points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><code>Frida Kahlo, Henry Ford Hospital, 1932, oil on metal panel, Museo Dolores Olmedo Patino Mexico</code></p></blockquote><p>A year ago this week, Poland&#8217;s <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/30/pro-choice-supporters-hold-biggest-ever-protest-against-polish-government">near-total ban of abortion</a> prompted some of the largest protests in the country&#8217;s recent history, and it has since led to the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/02/polish-activists-protest-after-first-death-in-wake-of-stricter-abortion-law">death of at least one woman</a> from a dangerous pregnancy that would previously have been terminated for medical reasons. Apart from its fatal consequences, the law is shocking because it goes beyond a woman&#8217;s &#8216;right to choose&#8217; versus the &#8216;right to life&#8217;. By banning abortion for foetal anomaly, Poland&#8217;s Constitutional Tribunal is interfering in medical decisions that should be left to a woman, in consultation with her medical provider. It has resulted in the marginalisation of the women&#8217;s rights organisations and feminist movement, and those sharing a need to voice claims to equal citizenship. Sadly, this is not new in history. To understand the implications more fully, and frankly discern the antiquated notions of womanhood at play, one need only turn to two feminist works of art that shine a light on this very theme. These include Cindy Sherman&#8217;s <em>Untitled #216</em> (1989), which is a subversive commentary on an Old Master painting by Jean Fouquet (1452), and Frida Kahlo&#8217;s <em>Henry Ford Hospital </em>(1932). In the wake of developments in feminist art theory in the early 1970s, many artists began to create work that dealt with the female experience and looked towards challenging the systems in place through activism.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png" width="719" height="1064.2948328267478" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:487,&quot;width&quot;:329,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:719,&quot;bytes&quot;:474796,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_VFS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F123dfaac-c40e-4bc1-a7f6-ceb7be39deb8_329x487.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><code>Cindy Sherman, </code><em><code>Untitled #216</code></em><code>, 1989, chromogenic colour print, 87x56 in., The Broad, Los Angeles</code></p></blockquote><p>Anti-abortion legislation testifies to a patriarchy&#8217;s grip on women&#8217;s sexuality and their bodies. As a consequence, Poland faces a hardening of exclusionary policies towards women. It presents a case in which gender orders must be questioned and challenged from below. In this respect, feminist art could, and still can, have the power to influence cultural attitudes and transform stereotypes. Between 1989-1990, American photographer and film director Cindy Sherman made a <a href="https://www.moma.org/artists/5392">series of images</a> of biblical women in <em>History Portraits</em>, which specifically rebels against notions of performance of women in order to please men and their desire to conform to societal expectations.</p><p>Cindy Sherman&#8217;s <em>Untitled #216</em> was created at a time when women were fighting to maintain their right to abortion but the gender disparity was still great. It is a caricature of the Virgin Mary based on a breastfeeding Madonna and Child by Jean Fouquet. Normally Madonna and Child paintings focus attention on Christ, but Sherman&#8217;s photograph is about Mary, with the baby barely visible. Sherman herself takes the place of Mary, and in emphasising her control as a mother over the lives of men, Sherman defines women on their own terms. In the contrast between her image and Fouquet&#8217;s painting, she creates a rebuke to the worship of works of art that are themselves representative of dated beliefs.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png" width="723" height="803.8779661016949" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:328,&quot;width&quot;:295,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:723,&quot;bytes&quot;:272210,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VFsd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0daaf5e0-60be-4057-b2b9-1f641df84d95_295x328.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><code>Jean Fouquet, </code><em><code>Madonna of Melun</code></em><code>, 1452, oil on panel, 37x 34 in., Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp</code></p></blockquote><p>In Poland, restrictive anti-abortion laws and sexual prejudice have been linked to the antagonism by the Catholic Church to any contravention of traditional family values rooted in their teachings. Supported by the Polish Catholic Church and the Pope&#8217;s declaration that education on &#8216;gender ideology&#8217; can be dangerous, the Polish government limits access to sexual education and care and stigmatises sexual minorities and feminists, along with men and women who refuse to conform to traditional gender roles.</p><p>In<em> Untitled #216</em>, Cindy Sherman actively challenges such stigmatisation. In the depiction of Mary, the viewer is surprised to encounter a fake, plastic breast that is attached to Sherman&#8217;s own body. Sherman referred to this detail in her <a href="https://art21.org/read/cindy-sherman-it-began-with-madame-de-pompadour/">interview with </a><em><a href="https://art21.org/read/cindy-sherman-it-began-with-madame-de-pompadour/">Art 21</a></em>: &#8220;The tit in [Untitled #216] looks like a slice of half a grapefruit stuck onto someone&#8217;s chest&#8230;But in Old Master paintings a lot of these figures&#8217; breasts don&#8217;t even look real&#8221;. Her comment suggests that her use of caricature mocks the fact that men do not understand women nor their bodies. The fabricated theatrical effect at once subverts Mary&#8217;s sexuality and asserts that the real woman behind the image is not as she is portrayed. &nbsp;</p><p>The exposed breast is the defining detail in Jean Fouquet&#8217;s painting and in emphasising its artificiality, Sherman alters the focus from a worship of the Virgin&#8217;s piety to a praise of women&#8217;s reproductive and heroic power. Sherman wanted to alter the view of her as a model of the kind of mother women should aspire to be, which disempowered women. Instead, she commented on the ways in which a woman&#8217;s ability to nourish her child has been used against women to limit their freedom in society throughout history, by creating the assumption that if they do not breastfeed they are not ideal mothers. As such, the image disobeys male scripted notions of motherhood and beauty to present an independent woman who is celebrated for her power, but in a way that does not limit her agency. It is a reminder that such artworks can be a powerful tool for combating sexism and that reform from below can be as political as it is potent, fighting to bring into effect fair and positive futures.</p><p>In reflection of the developments in women&#8217;s rights, Sherman&#8217;s photographs of biblical women assert both women&#8217;s rights to their reproductive capacity and to the strength and influence they can possess to protect their communities. Following in the footsteps of other female artists and art historians of the Women&#8217;s Movement, who were commenting on the male controlled historical representation of women, Sherman implied the continued suppression of woman&#8217;s agency, which in Fouquet&#8217;s painting is pushed into the shadows. Instead of being submissive and subservient, Sherman prioritised Mary&#8217;s humanity over her holiness. She is protected from objectification and her motherhood is only a fraction of her identity, rather than completely defining her. When Sherman made the image, many women felt they could either be mothers or have a career, but not both. In challenging this, the artist asserts the possibility that women can be mothers but without it subsuming their entire purpose as individuals. Sherman&#8217;s image is therefore a powerful expression of feminist demand for recognition and social justice, without which the continuity of patriarchy would be thriving. In Poland, this same issue necessitates the renewal of feminist fights so that power can be relocated and a silence broken in which women can name and speak freely. Indeed, normativity can only be achieved through gender and sexuality discourses that target everyone.</p><p>In Polish anti-abortion discourse, pregnancy termination tends to be constructed as morally dubious and damaging to a woman&#8217;s health and emotional well-being. However, Frida Kahlo&#8217;s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Henry-Ford-Hospital">Henry Ford Hospital</a> </em>(1932) is a brutal reminder of the risks of childbirth, painted in the context of a Catholic sociocultural environment, where contraceptives were difficult to get, abortion was forbidden and deliveries were practiced despite the danger to women&#8217;s life. Kahlo was worried that pregnancy for her was too dangerous after her body had been damaged by an accident that shattered her pelvis. In this painting, Kahlo took areas of reproductive life exclusive to females like childbirth and recast them in ways that resist, even defy interpretations of ideologies that glorify motherhood and giving birth.</p><p>A hospital bed dominates the centre of the painting and lying on a bloody sheet is Kahlo&#8217;s naked body. She is represented with hair hanging loose, a large white teardrop on one of her cheeks, stomach swollen and legs bent at the knees. In one of her enlarged hands, she holds red ribbons, each with a different object suspended at the end. They carry the symbolism of tools of torture, used to convey the external side of Kahlo&#8217;s pain and which must be forcibly acknowledged by the viewer. It is a visual documentation of the bodily process she had gone through as a consequence of having ingested quinine for self-inflicted abortion, given that her doctor had declined to perform a surgical abortion. When the chemicals failed, the doctor tried to encourage her to carry the pregnancy to term but two months later Kahlo suffered a violent miscarriage. Kahlo foregrounds her own traumatic bodily process that she did not wish to experience again, portraying her grief without shame.</p><p>In anti-abortion discourse today, an attribution of personhood to the foetus strengthens the negative connotations of abortion by articulating it as a murder, but as Kahlo illustrates, this would otherwise remove the pregnant woman from the picture and overstate the foetus&#8217; independence from the person carrying it. Rather, Kahlo is very much connected to the foetus but it is one of a fragmented assemblage of parts that is a performed dissection of her live body. She features herself at the epicentre of her pain and frustration which connects her to a narrative of heroism, sacrifice and courage. It is her pain, and nobody else&#8217;s, which refuses to be pushed to the margins of representation. As such it is a vivid representation of the tragic struggles of broken women in society, bearing burdens and painful damage caused by the society itself.</p><p>Both works by Sherman and Kahlo convey a radical perception of womanhood that challenges an emphasis on nurturing motherhood, her reproductive function and sexual purity in the very definition of what it is to be a &#8216;woman&#8217;. In placing woman&#8217;s agency at the front and centre, she refuses to be subject to social control. This demonstrates that the only person with the right to decide to continue or end a pregnancy is the person who is pregnant.</p><p>A more neutral or positive picture of abortion needs to be built, to compete with the negative discourse pushed by the Polish right-wing press.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> Instead, it needs to be seen in the broader context of discursive struggles about pregnancy, abortion, femininity, and individual and collective rights. Rather than view it as a stigma that is a threat to community and culture and an affront to &#8216;the ideals of womanhood&#8217;, women should be encouraged to speak openly about abortion as a choice that is open to all.</p><p></p><p></p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Inga Koralewska &amp; Katarzyna Zieli&#324;ska (2021): &#8216;Defending the unborn&#8217;, &#8216;protecting women&#8217; and &#8216;preserving culture and nation&#8217;: anti-abortion discourse in the Polish right-wing press, <em>Culture, Health &amp; Sexuality Journal.</em></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇪🇺 The social consequences of mass chauvinism]]></title><description><![CDATA[On November 25th, we celebrated the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, as we do every year.]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/the-social-consequences-of-mass-chauvinism</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/the-social-consequences-of-mass-chauvinism</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Maria Rosa Cagnasso]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2021 07:53:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:null,&quot;width&quot;:null,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mVaG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc9701ea-d295-4ed2-bb95-534e69cd1262_635x340.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>On November 25th, we celebrated the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, as we do every year. It focuses on an issue that is extremely topical around the world and one that is particularly relevant in Italy, where a male-centric mentality is well-rooted in society. Italy, of course, is not the only place where these issues are ingrained in society, but it is a place where these notions are supported by policies that are slow to respond to the gender gap with concrete actions. This can be clearly seen in the statistics.</p><p>According to a report by<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/EDN-20200306-1?inheritRedirect=true&amp;redirect=/eurostat/news/whats-new">&nbsp;Eurostat</a>&nbsp;in 2018, Italy second-to-last, just before Greece, for female employment with 58%. To put this into context, the European average is 67%, with highs of 80% in Sweden. Furthermore, almost a third of Italian women who do work, only work part-time hours, a trend that is typical of practically all European countries. This results in an economy and a jobs market where the gender gap is so evident that it tends to supersede the required skillset. In Italy, for instance, it is women who have&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/cronaca/istat-in-italia-la-percentuale-di-donne-diplomate-e-laureate-pi-alta-rispetto-agli-uomini_20981851-202002a.shtml">more second level and university qualifications.</a></p><p>If women pay for a cultural climate that is unfavourable - with fewer opportunities for a career, lower salaries, greater difficulty in entering the working world, not to mention data on femicides, gender violence and virtual abuse - it is also true that a predominantly male-oriented society also has serious consequences for men, in particular when it comes to development on the emotional, relational and sexual levels.</p><p>From WhatsApp chats full of photos of naked or semi-naked women to comments in the pub, gender bias spreads through word of mouth. Starting from an idea of &#8203;&#8203;a game, a goliardic joke, it creeps into the terrain of common opinion and germinates. The woman is the conquest, the prey, making the man the hunter. When he is successful he is a phenomenon in social circles. The girl who is uninhibited is a prostitute, while she&#8217;s labelled frigid should she deny his advances. Rape is condemned but almost always with the question of whether the victim was an accomplice, a consenting collaborator. The sharing of private photos or videos online that should not be done but is treated as a game.</p><p>In Italy, like many other parts of the Western world, almost nobody would self-identify as a<a href="https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2019/03/08/breviario-del-maschilismo-per-chi-nega-che-esista/5021247/">&nbsp;male chauvinist</a>. Furthermore, even if the opposite were true, they would believe they are completely right. This is because certain jokes, certain actions, certain thoughts are so ingrained that they seem normal. The danger of this is that this &#8220;normality&#8221; may never be recognized as offensive and wrong. The incorrectly-named &#8220;normality&#8221; is that even the victim, in the end, is so accustomed to a certain rhetoric that they too have to laugh. Moreover, this 'man-centred' thought has major repercussions also on the men of the world.</p><p>Meanwhile, the habit of seeing women as objects makes the development of a healthy emotional landscape more complicated and transforms a man&#8217;s encounter with a woman into a hunt, rather than a moment of mutual exchange. Considering the woman an object helps to trigger jealousy being that it implies she is a thing that can be taken away from him by another at any moment.</p><p>In addition,&nbsp;<em>machismo</em>&nbsp;creates, in the collective imagination, an idea of &#8203;&#8203;a woman who is mostly unattainable and perfect. She is a dream and is destined to continually clash with the real relationship that every man will then have to live or give up on. At the same time, it creates an image<a href="https://lamenteemeravigliosa.it/il-maschilismo-utile-uomini/">&nbsp;of men</a>&nbsp;that is equally unattainable. This idea of strength, security and even coldness is to be pursued, and these ideas are, as you could imagine, devastating for those who are more developed emotionally. A mentality that does not allow women to show themselves as imperfect, does not allow men to show themselves weak.</p><p>Male chauvinism is carcinogenic to<a href="https://www.rivistastudio.com/maschilismo-depressione/">&nbsp;the psyche</a>&nbsp;of males and females; it is intrinsically linked to the economy as it discriminates against a large part of the workforce and the creative impulse. It is for the society that leaves sons and daughters less and less able to manage their emotions. Breaking down these antiquated ideas would be good for everyone.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇮🇹 Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Passi fondamentali che l'Europa deve fare]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/mind-the-gender-pay-gap-ita</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/mind-the-gender-pay-gap-ita</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2021 16:35:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:null,&quot;width&quot;:null,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9afce17c-6061-4277-bc4e-9fdeddc959e0_768x829.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In seguito ad una serie di reclami introdotti dall'O.N.G. "<a href="http://www.universitywomenofeurope.org/">University Women of Europe</a>", il&nbsp;<a href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter">Comitato Europeo dei Diritti Sociali</a>&nbsp;ha di recente statuito che 14 paesi aderenti alla Carta Sociale Europea (<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-124-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Belgio</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-125-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Bulgaria</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-126-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Croazia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-127-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Cipro</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-128-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Repubblica Ceca</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-129-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Finlandia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-130-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Francia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-131-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Grecia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-132-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Irlanda</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-133-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Italia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-134-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Paesi Bassi</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-135-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Norvegia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-136-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Portogallo</a>&nbsp;e&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:[%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22],%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:[%22cc-137-2016-dmerits-en%22]%7D">Slovenia</a>) non garantiscono, in concreto, il diritto alla parit&#224; di retribuzione tra uomo e donna.</p><p>La questione ricorda estremamente il principio di Orwelliana memoria per cui &#8220;<em>tutti gli animali sono uguali, ma alcuni sono pi&#249; uguali degli altri</em>&#8221;. Nel 2020, infatti, il principio "<em>equal pay for work of equal value</em>", pur essendo sancito dai Trattati comunitari (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0017.02/DOC_1&amp;format=PDF">artt. 2 e 3, par. 3 T.U.E.</a>;&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:IT:PDF">artt. 8 e 157, par 1 T.F.U.E.</a>), dalla&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&amp;from=DE">Carta dei Diritti fondamentali dell'Unione Europea</a>&nbsp;(art. 23), da normativa di dettaglio comunitaria e dalle singole legislazioni degli Stati Membri, non &#232; ancora completamente rispettato.</p><p>&#200; pertanto inevitabile chiedersi se sia sufficiente ci&#242; che l&#8217;Unione Europea sta facendo.</p><p>La risposta &#232; un secco no ed in questo articolo definiremo il Gender Pay Gap (G.P.G.) delineandone i contorni a livello europeo ed in seguito proporremo delle soluzioni da realizzare a livello comunitario. Una risposta unitaria proveniente dall&#8217;Unione Europea &#232; infatti la pi&#249; efficace.</p><h2>Cos'&#232; il Gender Pay Gap?</h2><p>L&#8217;European Institute of Gender Equality definisce il Gender Pay Gap come la differenza nella retribuzione oraria lorda tra dipendenti di genere femminile e quelli di genere maschile espressa in rapporto al salario maschile.</p><p>Nell'Unione Europea il divario retributivo di genere &#232; pari al 14,8%. Ci&#242; significa che a parit&#224; di lavoro svolto per ogni ora di lavoro, le donne percepiscono il 14,8% in meno rispetto agli uomini. Concretamente, a fronte di 1,00 euro guadagnato da un uomo, la donna guadagna 0,85 euro. Ne consegue che ogni anno le donne lavorano complessivamente all&#8217;incirca due mesi gratuitamente rispetto agli uomini.</p><p>Chiaramente questo &#232; un dato che considera la media europea, ma nei singoli Stati Membri la situazione &#232; eterogenea. Secondo i dati&nbsp;<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&amp;plugin=1&amp;language=en&amp;pcode=sdg_05_20">Eurostat</a>&nbsp;i paesi con un maggiore G.P.G., compreso tra il 20-22.7%, sono Repubblica Ceca, Germania ed Estonia, mentre i paesi in cui il G.P.G. &#232; inferiore al 10% sono Italia, Belgio, Bulgaria, Lussemburgo, Polonia e Romania. Ma questi ultimi non sono i pi&#249; meritevoli, anzi. La ragione per cui i paesi del secondo gruppo hanno il differenziale retributivo pi&#249; basso &#232; che hanno anche il tasso di occupazione femminile pi&#249; basso. Detto in altre parole: un paese in cui meno donne lavorano avr&#224; un G.P.G. pi&#249; basso rispetto ad un paese dove vi sono pi&#249; donne che lavorano, ma lavorano in settori a basso reddito o part-time. Se meno donne lavorano si vedono meno le differenze nelle retribuzioni. Quindi, in paesi come Italia, Belgio, Bulgaria, ecc., bisogna combattere due problemi: il divario retributivo di genere ed ancora prima, il basso tasso di occupazione femminile. Quindi bisogna far s&#236; che pi&#249; donne lavorino e che esse guadagnino le stesse somme degli uomini.</p><h2>Le cause</h2><p>Una prima causa &#232; quella che viene definita "segregazione settoriale": mentre le donne sono occupate principalmente in settori a reddito relativamente basso, come l'assistenza e l'istruzione, gli uomini, invece, lavorano principalmente nell'ambito STEM (scienze, tecnologia, ingegneria e matematica), caratterizzato da guadagni pi&#249; elevati.</p><p>Una seconda ragione &#232; che le donne dedicano pi&#249; ore al lavoro non retribuito (come cura dei figli e dei famigliari, lavori domestici&nbsp;<em>et similia</em>) rispetto ad un uomo. Per intenderci, una donna dedica all'incirca 22 ore a settimana per l'espletamento di attivit&#224; non retribuite a fronte delle sole 9 ore settimanali di un uomo.</p><p>Un'altra ragione &#232; che le donne tendono a trascorrere pi&#249; spesso periodi di tempo fuori dal mercato del lavoro e ci&#242; ha incredibili ripercussioni su diversi fondamentali fattori, come la retribuzione oraria, i guadagni futuri ed il trattamento pensionistico.</p><p>Infine, una quarta ragione e&#8217; il cosiddetto "soffitto di vetro". Meno donne raggiungono posizioni di vertice nell'ambito lavorativo e, di conseguenza, finiscono per guadagnare di meno. In Europa meno del 10% dei C.E.O. &#232; donna; in Italia, negli studi legali di grandi dimensioni, aventi un&#8217;organizzazione tipicamente aziendale e che sono quelli pi&#249; attenti al tema della&nbsp;<em>diversity</em>, solo il 20% delle avvocate raggiunge la&nbsp;<em>partnership</em>. Ci&#242; ha notevoli ripercussioni in termini di guadagno. In base ai dati relativi all&#8217;<a href="http://www.cassaforense.it/riviste-cassa/la-previdenza-forense/previdenza/i-numeri-dell-avvocatura-2019">anno 2019</a>&nbsp;divulgati da Cassa Forense pur essendo ormai raggiunta la parit&#224; in termini numerici di iscritti all&#8217;albo, le avvocate guadagnano circa il 40% rispetto a quanto dichiarato dai colleghi uomini.</p><h2>Gli effetti</h2><p>Chiaramente l&#8217;effetto pi&#249; immediato ed evidente del Gender Pay Gap &#232; quello del minor salario percepito dalle donne. Ma non &#232; l&#8217;unico. Il divario retributivo di genere che una lavoratrice accumula nel corso della vita comporta anche un divario pensionistico. Livelli pi&#249; bassi di retribuzione e minor tempo speso al lavoro, determinano inevitabilmente minori contributi versati, una pi&#249; elevata et&#224; pensionabile ed infine un trattamento pensionistico pi&#249; basso. In Europa, il divario pensionistico di genere &#232; addirittura il doppio rispetto al G.P.G. essendo pari al 30%. Va da s&#233; che le donne sono esposte ad un pi&#249; elevato rischio di povert&#224; in et&#224; avanzata e di esclusione sociale.</p><p>Ad ogni buon conto, il Gender Pay Gap ha conseguenze anche in termini macroeconomici per tutta la popolazione. Nella sua&nbsp;<a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0025_IT.html">risoluzione</a>&nbsp;del 30 gennaio 2020 sul divario retributivo di genere, il Parlamento Europeo ha rilevato come il Gender Pay Gap abbia causato una perdita economica complessiva pari a 370 miliardi di euro all&#8217;anno. &#200; evidente che, eliminando il divario retributivo di genere, si otterrebbe un effetto positivo non solo in termini di necessaria ed imprescindibile equit&#224;, ma anche di crescita economica per l&#8217;intera Unione Europea.</p><h2>Le azioni da intraprendere.</h2><blockquote><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;Siete rimasti senza scuse e noi siamo rimasti(e) senza pi&#249; tempo. Siamo venuti qui per farti sapere che il cambiamento sta arrivando, che vi piaccia o no.&#8221;</em></p></blockquote></blockquote><p>Le parole che Greta Thunberg ha pronunciato a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDZWpmYj38U">Katowice nel dicembre 2018</a>&nbsp;in occasione della ventiquattresima Conferenza delle Parti sul Clima sono di estrema attualit&#224; non solo in relazione all&#8217;emergenza climatica, ma anche per ci&#242; che concerne la parit&#224; retributiva di genere. Secondo l&#8217;ultimo&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_650553.pdf">report</a>&nbsp;pubblicato dall&#8217;International Labour Office ci vorranno almeno 70 anni per colmare il Gender Pay Gap. Con ogni probabilit&#224;, quindi, anche le nostre figlie guadagneranno meno dei nostri figli. Forse le cose cambieranno per le nostri nipoti. Bisogna implementare e velocizzare questo processo e bisogna agire su due diversi livelli: il primo, quello socio-culturale; il secondo, quello politico.</p><p>Per quanto riguarda il primo, &#232; necessario un cambiamento nella concezione della donna, superando pregiudizi e stereotipi di genere. Nonostante gli indubbi progressi nel corso degli anni, assistiamo ancora oggi ad una essenzializzazione della figura femminile, intesa, in primo luogo, come madre, persona che cura e che assiste e, secondariamente, come lavoratrice, per di pi&#249; solo in determinati settori e a tempo parziale. Questo fa s&#236; che le donne restino soggette a quei lavori non retribuiti legati all&#8217;ambito casalingo. Un esempio della cristallizzazione di questo pregiudizio &#232; l&#8217;art. 37 della Costituzione italiana, che, dopo aver sancito, tra gli altri, il diritto della lavoratrice ad una pari retribuzione, prevede che &#8220;<em>Le condizioni di lavoro devono consentire l&#8217;adempimento della sua essenziale funzione familiare e assicurare alla madre e al bambino una speciale adeguata protezione</em>&#8221;. Tale norma, era sicuramente rivoluzionaria nel contesto storico in cui &#232; stata adottata (1 gennaio 1948) da un&#8217;assemblea costituente in cui, la maggior parte dei seggi, erano assegnati alla democrazia cristiana. Tuttavia, risulta oggi assolutamente inadeguata ed anacronistica, posto che subordina il diritto di lavorare della donna all&#8217;adempimento di una pretesa &#8220;funzione familiare&#8221;. Come se, ad esempio, la cura dei figli fosse prerogativa esclusiva della madre e non anche del padre o di altri familiari, come ad esempio i nonni. Come fosse una colpa imperdonabile lasciare che dei figli, mentre anche le madri vanno a lavorare, si occupino babysitter ed insegnanti. E purtroppo questa visione &#232; ancora troppo radicata nell&#8217;immaginario collettivo. Con ci&#242; non si vuole in alcun modo negare la necessit&#224; di tutelare la maternit&#224;. Ma &#232; inammissibile che essa funga da deterrente per discriminare la donna, tra le altre cose, in ambito lavorativo. La donna va considerata innanzitutto per ci&#242; che &#232;: una persona, che ha eguale diritto di realizzarsi anche dal punto di vista professionale come chiunque altro.</p><p>Per quanto riguarda le azioni concrete che devono essere adottate, un ruolo chiave deve averlo l&#8217;Unione Europea con una politica unitaria, che sicuramente pu&#242; conseguire risultati maggiori, pi&#249; veloci e pi&#249; uniformi rispetto alle azioni dei singoli Stati Membri. Inoltre solo cos&#236; si pu&#242; garantire una condizione omogenea in tutti gli stati europei. Per intenderci: non &#232; giusto che la donna che lavora in Polonia abbia pi&#249; difficolt&#224; a trovare un lavoro e abbia una minore retribuzione (in proporzione) rispetto a una donna che lavora in Francia. Bisogna comunque ammettere che l&#8217;Unione Europea non &#232; stata completamente ferma. La parit&#224; retributiva di genere &#232; uno degli argomenti della strategia politica per il&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0152&amp;from=EN">2020-2025</a>. Tutto per&#242; risulta sempre molto astratto. Non &#232; sufficiente limitarsi ad evidenziare una condizione di diseguaglianza ed ingiustizia. L&#8217;Unione Europea deve dare una risposta concreta al problema, attivandosi con azioni volte a garantire lavoro e salario dignitoso, nonch&#233; una effettiva condizione di parit&#224; sociale. A maggior ragione in questo momento in cui la pandemia di Coronavirus rischia di aggravare ulteriormente il Gender Pay Gap. L'azione dovrebbe svolgersi su due piani:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Conferire all'unione europea competenza in materia di retribuzione.</strong>&nbsp;Bisogna consentire all&#8217;Unione Europea di intervenire direttamente in materia di retribuzione, attualmente esclusa dall&#8217;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:IT:PDF">art. 153, par. 3 del Trattato sul Funzionamento dell&#8217;Unione Europea</a>. Solo cos&#236; l&#8217;Unione Europea potrebbe concretamente attivarsi adottando una normativa efficace in tutti gli Stati Membri. Il modello potrebbe essere la legge sulla parit&#224; salariale adottata in Islanda nel 2018, che si &#232; rivelata particolarmente efficace, avendo praticamente azzerato il GPG.</p></li><li><p><strong>Combattere efficacemente le cause del Gender Pay Gap</strong>. In particolare:</p></li></ol><p><strong>2.1</strong>&nbsp;Va arginata la &#8220;segregazione settoriale&#8221;, adottando misure idonee a promuovere la presenza femminile in ogni settore lavorativo, compresi quelli attualmente di dominio quasi esclusivamente maschile, come, ad esempio, nel settore dell&#8217;intelligenza artificiale. Per fare ci&#242;, &#232; necessario mettere a disposizione borse di studio per percorsi formativi mirati, stimolare e rendere possibile la partecipazione delle donne, in modo tale che tutti finalmente comprendano che ciascuno di noi, donne comprese, pu&#242; fare ci&#242; che vuole.</p><p><strong>2.2&nbsp;</strong>Bisogna impedire che il lavoro casalingo non retribuito svolto dalle donne sia d&#8217;ostacolo alla loro crescita professionale. Le alternative sono due (anche adottabili allo stesso tempo): o tali attivit&#224; vengono divise equamente tra uomini e donne o l&#8217;Unione Europea ed i singoli Stati devono fornire servizi che consentano alle donne di avere una vita anche al di fuori della casa. In particolare, va garantita l&#8217;adeguata fornitura pubblica di servizi di assistenza dell&#8217;infanzia, come bonus babysitter e asili gratis, per consentire una maggiore organizzazione familiare. Tali misure risultato necessarie ed urgenti soprattutto ora, visto che con il lockdown le donne hanno dovuto far fronte ad un nuovo problema: conciliare lo&nbsp;<em>smart working</em>&nbsp;con la didattica on line dei figli ed in generale con tutto il&nbsp;<em>caregiving familiare</em>.</p><p><strong>2.3</strong>. Va abbattuto il &#8220;soffitto di vetro&#8221;. Purtroppo non dobbiamo farci ingannare dal framing di queste parole che fanno credere che il problema sia di facile soluzione L&#8217;Unione Europea deve attivarsi per consentire anche alle donne di raggiungere posizioni di vertice. Come? Prevedendo, ad esempio, che i premi di produttivit&#224; vengano assegnati valorizzando criteri diversi dal tempo passato al lavoro, per esempio prestazione e produttivit&#224;. D&#8217;altro canto dovrebbe essere ovvio prediligere la qualit&#224; e la quantit&#224; del lavoro alla mera presenza in ufficio.</p><p>L&#8217;Unione Europea &#232; rimasta senza pi&#249; scuse. &#8220;L&#8217;Unione Europea promuove (...) la parit&#224; tra donne e uomini&#8221; non possono pi&#249; essere solo belle parole che leggiamo nei trattati comunitari. Ci illudiamo di essere trattati senza discriminazioni basate sul genere, ma i dati dimostrano che c&#8217;&#232; ancora molta strada da fare. Il Gender Pay Gap &#232; una realt&#224;, e non penalizza solo le donne ma la societ&#224; intera. Noi di Arbury Road crediamo che sia arrivato il momento che l&#8217;Unione Europea garantisca vera uguaglianza a tutti i suoi cittadini.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇪🇺 Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap]]></title><description><![CDATA[Important steps the European Union must take]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/mind-the-gender-pay-gap-important</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/mind-the-gender-pay-gap-important</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2021 16:32:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png 848w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3xmg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a088e66-3031-4f9c-9af9-7567a12b051e_1640x924.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Following a series of complaints brought by the NGO&nbsp;<a href="http://www.universitywomenofeurope.org/">University Women of Europe,&nbsp;</a>the<a href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter">&nbsp;European Committee of Social&nbsp;</a>Rights recently ruled that 14 of the countries which signed the European Social Charter<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-124-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">(Belgium,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-125-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Bulgaria,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-126-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Croatia</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-127-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Cyprus,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-128-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Czech Republic,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-129-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Finland</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-130-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">France</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-131-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Greece</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-132-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Ireland,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-133-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Italy</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-134-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">the Netherlands,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-135-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Norway,</a><a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-136-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Portugal</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/fre/#%7B%22sort%22:%5B%22ESCPublicationDate%20Descending%22%5D,%22ESCDcIdentifier%22:%5B%22cc-137-2016-dmerits-en%22%5D%7D">Slovenia)</a>&nbsp;do not guarantee the right to equal pay between men and women.</p><p>The question is reminiscent of the Orwellian principle that &#8220;<em>all animals are equal, but some are more equal than others</em>&#8221;. In fact, in 2020, the principle of &#8220;<em>equal pay for work of equal value</em>&#8221;, despite being enshrined in the Community Treaties (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0017.02/DOC_1&amp;format=PDF">&nbsp;articles 2 and 3, par. 3 TEU</a>;&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:IT:PDF">articles 8 and 157, par 1 TFEU.</a>), by the&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&amp;from=DE">Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union</a>&nbsp;(art. 23), by detailed community legislation and by the individual laws of the Member States, is not yet fully respected.</p><p>It is therefore inevitable to ask whether what the European Union is doing is sufficient.</p><p>The answer is a firm no. In this article, we will define the Gender Pay Gap (GPG), outlining its characteristics at the European level. In the last paragraph, we will propose solutions to be implemented at the community level. A unified response from the European Union is, however, what is really needed.</p><h2>What is the Gender Pay Gap?</h2><p>The European Institute of Gender Equality defines the Gender Pay Gap as the difference in the gross hourly wage between female and male employees expressed in relation to the male wage.</p><p>In the European Union, the Gender Pay Gap is 14.8%. This means that for every hour of work, women earn 14.8% less than men. Specifically, a woman will earn 0.85 euro every 1.00 euro earned by a man. As a result, each year women work around two months for free if compared to men.</p><p>Clearly, this is a figure that considers the European average, but in the individual Member States, the situation is heterogeneous. According to&nbsp;<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&amp;plugin=1&amp;language=en&amp;pcode=sdg_05_20">Eurostat</a>, the countries with the highest GPG (between 20-22.7%) are the Czech Republic, Germany and Estonia, while the countries where the GPG is less than 10% are Italy, Belgium, Bulgaria, Luxembourg, Poland and Romania. The figures for the latter group of countries are not so impressive. In fact, quite the contrary is true. The reason why countries in the second group have the lowest pay gap is that they also have the lowest female employment rate. In other words: a country where fewer women work will have a GPG lower than in a country where there are more women working but working in low-income or part-time sectors. If fewer women work, the differences in wages are less visible. So, in countries like Italy, Belgium, Bulgaria, etc., two problems have to be faced: the Gender Pay Gap and, even before that, the low female employment rate. Essentially, we need to make sure that more women work and that they earn the same amounts as men.</p><h1>The causes</h1><p>The&nbsp;<strong>first</strong>&nbsp;cause is what we call "sectoral segregation&#8221;. While women are mainly employed in relatively low-income sectors, such as assistance and education, men work mainly in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) sectors, characterized by higher earnings.</p><p>A&nbsp;<strong>second</strong>&nbsp;reason is that women typically devote more hours to unpaid work (such as child and family care, housework and similar activities) than men. A woman dedicates approximately 22 hours per week to unpaid activities compared to a man's 9 hours per week.</p><p><strong>Another</strong>&nbsp;reason is that women tend to spend more periods of time out of the labour market and this has tremendous repercussions on several key factors, such as hourly wage, future earnings and retirement.</p><p>Finally, a&nbsp;<strong>fourth</strong>&nbsp;reason is the so-called "glass ceiling". Fewer women reach top positions in the workplace. In Europe, less than 10% of CEOs are women; in Italy, in large law firms, with a standard corporate organization and which tend to be the most attentive to the issue of&nbsp;<em>diversity</em>, only 20% of lawyers reach the&nbsp;<em>partnership</em>. This has significant repercussions in terms of earnings. Based on the data relating to the year<a href="http://www.cassaforense.it/riviste-cassa/la-previdenza-forense/previdenza/i-numeri-dell-avvocatura-2019">2019</a>&nbsp;disclosed by Cassa Forense, despite having now reached parity in numerical terms, female lawyers earn about 40% compared to what was declared by male colleagues.</p><h2>The effects</h2><p>Clearly, the most evident effect of the Gender Pay Gap is the lower wages women receive. But it is not the only one. The Gender Pay Gap that a female worker accumulates over the course of her life also leads to a pension gap. Lower levels of salary and less time spent at work inevitably lead to lower contributions paid, higher retirement age and ultimately a lower pension. In Europe, the gender pension gap, at 30%, doubles the pay gap. It goes without saying that women are exposed to social exclusion and a higher poverty risk in old age.</p><p>And this situation is not only bad for women. The Gender Pay Gap also has consequences in macroeconomic terms for the entire population. In its<a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0025_IT.html">&nbsp;resolution</a>of 30 January 2020 on the Gender Pay Gap, the European Parliament found that the Gender Pay Gap caused an overall economic loss of &#8364;370 billion per year. It is clear that eliminating the Gender Pay Gap would have a positive effect not only in terms of necessary and essential equality but also of economic growth for the entire European Union.</p><h2>The action to be taken.</h2><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;We have run out of excuses and we are running out of time. We have come here to let you know that change is coming, whether you like it or not&#8221;</em></p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>The words&nbsp;<a href="https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2019-greta-thunberg/">Greta Thunberg</a>&nbsp;spoke to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDZWpmYj38U">Katowice in December 2018</a>, on the occasion of the 24th Conference of the Parties on Climate, could also be used to talk about gender pay equality. According to the latest&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_650553.pdf">report</a>&nbsp;published by the International Labor Office, it will take at least 70 years to bridge the Gender Pay Gap. In all likelihood, therefore, our daughters will also earn less than our sons. Maybe things will change for our granddaughters. We need to implement and speed up this process and we need to act on two different levels, the socio-cultural level and the political level.</p><p>As for the first, a change in the conception of women is necessary, overcoming prejudices and gender stereotypes. Despite the undoubted progress over the years, we are still witnessing today an &#8220;essentialization&#8221; of the female figure, intended, first of all, as a mother, a person who cares and cares for and, secondly, as a worker. Moreover, they are still seen largely as adept at work only in certain sectors or part-time. This means that women remain subject to unpaid jobs related to the household. An example of the crystallization of this prejudice is art. 37 of the Italian Constitution, which, after having sanctioned, among others, the right of the worker to equal pay, provides that "<em>The working conditions must allow the fulfilment of her essential family function and ensure the mother and child a special adequate protection</em>". This norm was certainly revolutionary in the historical context in which it was adopted (January 1, 1948), especially considering the Catholic vision centred on the male-breadwinner model of many MPs of the Christian democracy. However, today it is absolutely inadequate and anachronistic. It makes the right to work of women conditional on the fulfilment of an alleged "family function". As if taking care of children were the exclusive prerogative of the mother and not the father or other family members, such as grandparents, for example. As if it were an unforgivable fault for the mother that babysitters and teachers take care of children while they go to work. And unfortunately, this vision is still rooted in the collective imagination. In no way is this meant to deny the need to protect motherhood, but it is unacceptable that it acts as a deterrent to discriminate against women, among other things, in the workplace. A woman must be considered first of all for what she is: a person, who has the same right to fulfilment from a professional point of view as anyone else.</p><p>With regard to the concrete actions that must be adopted, a key role must be played by the European Union. The EU needs to implement a unified policy, which can achieve more results than the initiatives of individual Member States. Only in this way can a homogeneous condition be guaranteed in all European states. To be clear: it is not fair that a woman who works in Poland has more difficulty in finding a job, and has a lower salary than a man than a woman who works in France. However, we must admit that the European Union is not completely defenseless. Indeed, gender pay equality is one of the topics of the political strategy for&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0152&amp;from=EN">2020-2025</a>. However, everything remains very abstract. It is not enough to simply highlight a condition of inequality and injustice. The European Union must give a concrete answer to the problem, taking action to guarantee work and a decent wage, as well as an effective condition of social equality. Even more so at this time when the Coronavirus pandemic risks further aggravating the Gender Pay Gap. In our opinion, the action should take place on two levels:</p><p><strong>1- Giving the European Union competence in the field of remuneration.</strong>&nbsp;The European Union must be allowed to intervene directly in the matter of remuneration, currently excluded by&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:IT:PDF">art. 153, par. 3 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>. Only in this way could the European Union actually take action by adopting effective legislation in all Member States. The model could be the pay parity law passed in Iceland in 2018, which proved to be particularly effective, having practically zeroed the GPG.</p><p><strong>2- Effectively combat the causes of the Gender Pay Gap</strong>. Specifically:</p><p>2.1- &#8220;Sectoral segregation&#8221; must be curbed by adopting suitable measures to promote the presence of women in every working sector, including those currently dominated almost exclusively by men, such as artificial intelligence. To do this, it is necessary to make scholarships available for targeted training courses, to stimulate and, above all, to make it possible for women to participate, so that everyone finally understands that each one of us, women and men alike, can do what each of us desires.</p><p>2.2 - Unpaid housework by women must be prevented from hindering their professional growth. There are two alternatives (adoptable at the same time): either these activities are shared equally between men and women, or the European Union and individual Member States must provide services that allow women to have a life even outside the home. In particular, an adequate public provision of childcare services, such as bonus babysitting and free kindergartens, must be guaranteed to allow greater family organization. These measures proved necessary and urgent especially now, given that, with the lockdown, women had to face a new problem: balancing smart working with online education for children and with all family caregiving in general.</p><p>2.3 - The "glass ceiling " must be demolished. Unfortunately, we must not be fooled by the framing of these words that make us believe that the problem is easy to solve. The European Union must take action to allow women to reach top positions as well. But how, you may ask? By providing, for example, that productivity bonuses are awarded by evaluating criteria other than time spent at work, for example, performance and productivity. On the other hand, it should be obvious to prefer the quality and quantity of work to mere presence in the office.</p><h2>Towards true equality</h2><p>The European Union has no more excuses: &#8220;The European Union promotes (...) equality between women and men'' can no longer be just fine words that we read in the EU treaties. We live under the illusion of being treated without discrimination based on gender, but data shows that the reality is different. The Gender Pay Gap is a reality, and this affects not only women but society as a whole. It is time for European Union to firmly guarantee equality for all its citizens.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇪🇺 Call it what it is: Image-based Abuse]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sexual violence in the time of social network]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/call-it-what-it-is-virtual-abuse</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/call-it-what-it-is-virtual-abuse</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 15 Jul 2021 10:09:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:null,&quot;width&quot;:null,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N8vT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1460f4b8-3168-4c39-87e1-eb0cc0ad6ec1_1300x790.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It was 1611 when&nbsp;<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi#Lo_stupro">Artemisia Gentileschi</a>&nbsp;- the painter who created the work you see pictured above - was raped by her teacher. Artemisia reported him and faced a trial which, instead of being against her rapist, was in fact against her. To test her sincerity, she was subjected to physical torture and her body was exposed to the public in Rome during a series of gynaecological examinations.</p><p>More than 400 years have passed and the situation has not improved as much as you may think, partly due to a widespread inability to manage technological progress. Let me give you some examples.</p><p>Just over a week ago in Italy, a story broke about a kindergarten teacher engaging in sexual intercourse in a video and 18 photos that her ex-partner decided to share with a soccer team&#8217;s Whatsapp group. Care to guess who was punished? That&#8217;s right, the teacher, a victim of non-consensual dissemination, was fired and publicly shamed by the headteacher and the mother of one of her pupils.</p><p>Casting our minds back to April of this year, an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wired.it/internet/web/2020/04/03/revenge-porn-network-telegram/">Italian newspaper</a>&nbsp;first leaked the story of Telegram's Pandora's box: a chat in which over 43,000 subscribers exchanged erotic and sexual photos and videos every day without, unsurprisingly, the consent of the people appearing in them. At times, this material concerned minors. Other times, there was a real incitement of violence against women, rape and taking revenge against ex-partners.</p><p>For those who still do not understand the gravity of the situation and those who try to validate these actions, claiming that the events took place &#8220;only online&#8221;, it is worth remembering what happened in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38717186">Sweden in 2017</a>, when three men raped a woman and broadcasted the video of the attack. I could recount thousands of similar cases, given that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cybercivilrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/RPStatistics.pdf">90%</a>&nbsp;of the victims of non-consensual dissemination are, in fact, women. I would hope, however, that these instances are enough for you to understand the seriousness of this form of sexual violence - which it is - and, therefore, recognize the need to remedy the situation. Clearly, effective solutions cannot be adopted unless the real-life problems encountered are first identified. Let's take a closer look.</p><p><strong>A terminology problem: let's change the language</strong></p><p>In English-speaking terms, the label that has been given to this behaviour - the publication and dissemination via the Internet, of images, videos and erotic documents or which represent sexual acts, without the consent of the people in the videos - is "<em>revenge porn</em>". This is the first serious mistake.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Lakoff">George Lakoff</a>, in his famous book, &#8220;Don't think about the elephant!&#8221;, explains the importance of&nbsp;<em>frames</em>, that is to say, the mental connections that are activated in our brain when we hear certain words. If we apply Lakoff's precious teaching to the term &#8220;<em>revenge porn</em>&#8221;, we immediately notice how this phraseology shifts the attention, once again, away from the victim. Not only that, but it also paints the perpetrator in much a kinder light than deserved. &#8220;<em>Revenge</em>&#8221; implies a response to a previous wrong suffered by the victim themself. "<em>Porn</em>" (pornography) refers to the consensual activity, carried out by professionals, for payment and with the express intention of sharing images and videos with the public.</p><p>This incorrect terminology distorts the entire issue. Calling this behaviour &#8220;revenge porn&#8221; implies the culprit is even remotely justified in their actions, because they are reacting to an affront suffered. It also suggests that the victim freely disposes of their own body by consenting to the sharing of images or videos that portray them in an intimate setting.</p><p>This is not acceptable and the first step to take to punish (immediately) and avoid (eventually) such behaviour is to call them by their technical name: non-consensual dissemination of sexually explicit content. Or, if you really want to use a slang term, "virtual abuse", because that's what it is. The woman is not free to dispose of her body as she sees fit and, let&#8217;s not forget, she is violated by the perpetrator in new ways that are in step with the times and with the development of technology.</p><p><strong>A sociological problem: let's change the mentality</strong></p><p>Unfortunately, we must acknowledge that, in the collective imagination, women and men do not have the same sexual freedom. And this is a prejudice that some men and some women share.</p><p>Let's go back to the case of the Italian teacher: a woman decides to resume a relationship with her partner and to keep the content private, but her partner, who has become an ex, spreads it to the public without her consent; for this reason, the woman, instead of being treated as a victim, is criticized, defamed and eventually loses her job. Let's take another example: a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hottest-math-teacher-pietro-boselli-2016-3?IR=T#pietro-boselli-was-born-in-negrar-italy-1">man</a>, a mathematics teacher, decides to invest in his image and starts publishing his own images in flattering clothes on social networks; for this, the man is called "the sexiest professor in the world" and gets a new job.</p><p>It should be abundantly clear that there is a contradiction here. We need to change our approach and our mentality.</p><p>First of all, we must free ourselves from the unjust and archaic preconception that men are allowed everything, while women have limited sexual freedom, as well as a host of other limitations. We are all equal and if a person consciously and voluntarily decides to dispose of their body as they see fit, they must be free to do so, without receiving criticism or plaudits based on their sex.</p><p>Secondly, let us consider victims as such and treat them accordingly. A woman who is subjected to virtual abuse does not &#8220;deserve it&#8221; just because she has shot such a video. She is a victim. Let's understand this, support it, fight for the right for justice to be done and prevent -&nbsp;<em>for future generation&#8217;s sake -&nbsp;</em>certain mentalities from still being held.</p><p>Finally, men, abandon this macho idea that women and their images are objects that you can dispose of at will.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkQ4DBvjXw8">Respect all women, not just your mother, your partner and your daughters</a>. Change your approach, even you men who call yourself feminists: don't think about how you would react if the victim were your sister, but as if it were you. To paraphrase Paulo Coelho: Always put yourself in the shoes of others. If they feel tight, that person probably feels that way too.</p><p><strong>A technological problem: let's educate ourselves on internet use</strong></p><p>Technology is increasingly present in our lives and its presence in our relationships is also growing. Evidence of this can be found in one of the ways through which the guilty parties often get possession of the photos and videos:&nbsp;<em>sexting</em>. Sexting is the sharing of personal photos and videos of sexually explicit content through social networks, messenger apps or other technological means. In this case, the only way for someone to protect themselves is to be highly selective about the people with whom they decide to share their shots.</p><p>There are other ways, however, through which intimate videos and images can get into the wrong hands in a way that protects the perpetrator, such as&nbsp;<em>hacking</em>. At times, however, small measures are enough to prevent third parties from coming into possession of our material. For example, if we avoid saving the access passwords on our devices and the devices of others, nobody will have easy access to them. We must also pay attention to storage backups, because every time we take a photo with the mobile phone, it can also be saved elsewhere, such as on the server of the app we are using or in the cloud storage we have. In this case, access for third parties is still extremely possible. Basically, we need to keep up with the times and learn how to use and manage all of our devices safely.</p><p><strong>A political problem: let's create a European law</strong></p><p>If you are wondering what tools of protection a victim of non-consensual dissemination can use, the answer, unfortunately, is very few. In fact, there is no European Union legislation governing this matter. Therefore, it falls on the laws of the individual Member States, where they exist, to address these problems. In Europe there are few states that, to date, have adopted a law against the non-consensual dissemination of sexually explicit images. This conduct constitutes a crime in Spain, the first European state to adopt a law on the subject in 2015, France (2016), Italy (2019), and Belgium (2020). In Germany, on the other hand, victims can only obtain justice in civil courts, where they can receive compensation for damages thanks to a strict interpretation of copyright laws, but cannot find redress at the criminal level.</p><p>To understand each other better, let's take another example: imagine three women whose intimate images are spread without their consent in Italy, Germany and Poland. They will receive three different responses: in Italy the victim will be able to report the guilty person, who will go on trial and can be sentenced with up to 6 years in prison, as well as obtain a sum of money by way of compensation for the damage suffered; in Germany, they will only obtain compensation for damages; in Poland they will get nothing. This disparity needs to be acknowledged and addressed immediately. It is absolutely imperative that the European Union take measures at both the criminal and civil levels. Unfortunately, however, it is not as easy as it may seem.</p><p>In the criminal sector, we encounter our first major problem: the European Union does not have the competence to legislate in criminal matters. Therefore, with its own act, it could not establish that non-consensual dissemination constitutes a crime in all Member States, since this exclusive prerogative remains with the individual Member State. However, following the Treaty of Lisbon, the&nbsp;<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0017.02/DOC_2&amp;format=PDF">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>&nbsp;attributes the power to issue directives with which to define the essential characteristics of crimes that are transnational and that concern specific matters, including cybercrime (Article 83), to the Parliament and the European Council. This means that, by leveraging this rule, the European Union could well issue a directive that punishes image-based abuse, thus forcing Member States to adopt laws on the matter.</p><p>In the civil field, the European legislator could deal with the matter immediately through the&nbsp;<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-services-act-package">Digital Service Act</a>&nbsp;that is about to be approved. However, three recent&nbsp;<a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/it/agenda/briefing/2020-10-19/1/le-proposte-del-parlamento-sulla-futura-normativa-sui-servizi-digitali">resolutions of the European Parliament</a>&nbsp;on this point do not give much hope, given that the approach is to exclusively regulate certain sectors of the economy and digital information.</p><p>This problem needs to be addressed immediately by the European Union. It is an issue that continues to leave a trail of victims without access to justice and it is one that&nbsp;<strong>can</strong>&nbsp;be regulated. The mentality and technological savviness of citizens, on the other hand, are unlikely to change overnight. This does not mean that we lay down and accept the status quo. These are issues that we can overcome, but the time to act is now. We must be pragmatic and stop this behaviour because only together will we defeat - let&#8217;s call it what it is - virtual abuse!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🇮🇹 ¡STOP VIOLENCIA MACHISTA! ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Come la pandemia di Covid-19 ha aumentato la violenza di genere]]></description><link>https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/stop-violencia-machista</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.progressivamagazine.com/p/stop-violencia-machista</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Giorgia Cazzola]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 15 Jul 2021 06:55:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg" width="417" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:417,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Campa&#241;a &amp;#39;No a la violencia machista&amp;#39; mediante se&#241;ales de tr&#225;fico -  Observatorioviolencia.org&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Campa&#241;a &amp;#39;No a la violencia machista&amp;#39; mediante se&#241;ales de tr&#225;fico -  Observatorioviolencia.org" title="Campa&#241;a &amp;#39;No a la violencia machista&amp;#39; mediante se&#241;ales de tr&#225;fico -  Observatorioviolencia.org" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IsqM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc74d8cc9-8d5e-47dd-8dcd-bf9afe2ef8f3_417x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Lo scorso agosto camminavo per le vie di Granada (Spagna), assaporando &#8211; come tutti &#8211; una ritrovata libert&#224; e normalit&#224; dopo che il Coronavirus ha sconvolto le nostre vite ed abitudini, quando mi sono imbattuta nel &#8220;segnale stradale&#8221; che vedete ritratto nella foto qui sopra.</p><p>Subito ho pensato ai mesi di&nbsp;<em>lockdown</em>&nbsp;trascorsi in Italia chiusa in casa, al sicuro dal virus e da ogni tipo di pericolo. Ma &#232; stato cos&#236; per tutti? Purtroppo no. Le misure di distanziamento sociale adottate dalla maggior parte dei paesi Europei per far fronte alla pandemia e tutelare, giustamente, il diritto alla salute, hanno avuto un impatto notevole sulle violenze domestiche, a discapito del diverso e non meno importante diritto all&#8217;integrit&#224; fisica. Una situazione gi&#224; di per s&#233; grave in condizioni di normalit&#224;, che durante il&nbsp;<em>lockdown</em>&nbsp;&#232; peggiorata ulteriormente: le donne vittime di violenza si sono viste confinate, obbligatoriamente ed improvvisamente, in casa proprio con i loro aguzzini, con possibilit&#224; di fuga e di chiedere aiuto notevolmente diminuite.</p><p>Il tema &#232; di grandissima attualit&#224; in questo momento, vista la recrudescenza del Coronavirus che sta inducendo diversi Governi europei ad adottare nuovamente misure di isolamento forzato. Ma questa volta non dobbiamo farci cogliere impreparati. &#200; corretto adottare misure idonee a bloccare la seconda ondata di Coronavirus, ma &#232; necessario che l&#8217;Unione Europea &#8211; ed in generale tutto il mondo - non si dimentichi delle donne e della loro tutela. Vediamo come.</p><p><strong>La violenza domestica nell&#8217;Unione Europea durante il&nbsp;</strong><em><strong>lockdown</strong></em><strong>.</strong></p><p>Un recente studio dell&#8217;<a href="https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2020/issue-brief-covid-19-and-ending-violence-against-women-and-girls-en.pdf?la=en&amp;vs=5006">Ente delle Nazioni Unite per l&#8217;uguaglianza di genere e l&#8217;empowerment delle donne</a>&nbsp;afferma che, negli ultimi 12 mesi, almeno il 18% delle donne tra i 15 ed i 49 anni che vive in una relazione sentimentale sono state vittime di violenza.</p><p>Con specifico riferimento agli Stati Membri dell&#8217;Unione Europea, l&#8217;incremento della violenza domestica &#232; stato purtroppo uniforme.</p><p>Ad esempio, in<a href="https://www.lci.fr/population/confinement-et-coronavirus-les-violences-conjugales-en-hausse-de-plus-de-30-l-interieur-propose-de-donner-l-alerte-dans-des-pharmacies-2149240.html">&nbsp;Francia</a>, solo durante la prima settimana di chiusura, si &#232; registrato un aumento del 32% delle violenze domestiche. In<a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/domestic-violence-reports-up-30-in-some-areas-since-lockdown-says-garda-1.4238362">&nbsp;Irlanda</a>&nbsp;c&#8217;&#232; stata una diminuzione complessiva della criminalit&#224; nel periodo di restrizioni severe, escluse per&#242; le violenze domestiche, le quali sono aumentate del 30%.</p><p>Tendenzialmente, si &#232; poi registrato un incremento di richieste d&#8217;aiuto pervenute alle linee telefoniche di assistenza predisposte per le violenze di genere. Tale aumento &#232; stato pari al 70% in<a href="https://www.hln.be/nieuws/zeventig-procent-meer-oproepen-over-geweld-bij-hulplijn-1712-sinds-lockdown~a669952e/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F">&nbsp;Belgio</a>, al 47% in<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/apr/28/three-women-killed-in-spain-as-coronavirus-lockdown-sees-rise-in-domestic-violence">&nbsp;Spagna</a>&nbsp;&#8211; dove sono stati consumati anche 35 femminicidi nella sola prima met&#224; del 2020 - ed al 73% in<a href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/242841">&nbsp;Italia</a>.</p><p>Questi dati sono davvero allarmanti se si considera che, molto spesso, le violenze di genere, specie quelle che si consumano tra le mura domestiche, non vengono denunciate per timore di ripercussioni e scarsa fiducia nel sistema di prevenzione e di contrasto delle stesse. Quindi c&#8217;&#232; il pericolo concreto che i numeri delle violenze subite in ambito familiare dalle donne durante il&nbsp;<em>lockdown&nbsp;</em>siano maggiori.</p><p>Di questa situazione si &#232; mostrata ben consapevole Marceline Naudi, Presidente del Gruppo di esperti sulla lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne e la violenza domestica (GREVIO), la quale, in una<a href="https://rm.coe.int/grevio-statement-covid-24-march-2020/pdfa/16809cf55e">&nbsp;dichiarazione del 24 marzo 2020</a>, ha sottolineato la necessit&#224; di rispettare gli standard sanciti dalla&nbsp;<a href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210">Convenzione di Istanbul&nbsp;</a>per tutelare le donne e prevenire la violenza domestica durante la pandemia.</p><p>Molti Stati firmatari hanno sicuramente adottato delle misure per far fronte all&#8217;emergenza nell&#8217;emergenza e tutelare le donne. Dalla Spagna, ad esempio, &#232; partita l&#8217;iniziativa<a href="https://www.europapress.es/islas-canarias/noticia-protocolo-mascarilla-19-violencia-genero-deriva-20-mujeres-farmacias-estado-alarma-20200519115511.html">&nbsp;&#8220;Mascarilla 19&#8221;</a>, un codice per la denuncia delle violenze domestiche che le donne potevano comunicare in farmacia al fine di attivare il sistema di tutela. Nella maggior parte degli Stati sono stati incrementati i servizi di ascolto e supporto, sia online che telefonico.</p><p>Ci&#242; per&#242; non &#232; stato sufficiente, i numeri parlano chiaro. I problemi sono rimasti molteplici.</p><p>Ad esempio, in alcune zone, i rifugi per la violenza domestica hanno dovuto interrompere i loro servizi perch&#233; non sapevano come gestire il rischio di contagio tra le proprie ospiti. Quindi le vittime, anche se hanno trovato il coraggio ed il modo di denunciare la violenza subita, comunque sono state costrette a rimanere nella stessa casa con l&#8217;autore delle violenze, continuando a subirle. Questo &#232; veramente aberrante.</p><p>Ma ancora pi&#249; grave &#232; stata la sospensione dei servizi essenziali per fronteggiare la violenza domestica. Gli ospedali, quasi interamente destinati alla cura dei pazienti Covid, rappresentavano un ulteriore pericolo per le donne vittime di violenza: molte di esse, infatti, durante il&nbsp;<em>lockdown</em>, non si sono rivolte alle strutture ospedaliere per ricevere le cure di cui necessitavano poich&#233; temevano il contagio da Coronavirus. I<a href="https://www.ildubbio.news/2020/03/26/rinvii-chiusure-e-udienze-da-remoto-il-coronavirus-blocca-la-giustizia-tutto-il-mondo/">&nbsp;Tribunali di tutta Europa</a>&nbsp;&#8211; e non solo &#8211; hanno sospeso la loro attivit&#224; a causa dell&#8217;emergenza sanitaria, che non consentiva, agli operatori del diritto, di svolgere attivit&#224; giudiziaria in sicurezza. In concreto, &#232; stata negata giustizia e sicurezza a tutte le vittime di violenza. Per tutelare la salute di alcuni, sono state sacrificate la salute e l&#8217;incolumit&#224; personale di altre. E ci&#242;, francamente, &#232; davvero inaccettabile.</p><p><strong>Cosa possiamo &#8211; e dobbiamo &#8211; fare in pi&#249;.</strong></p><p>Nelle ultime settimane, a causa dell&#8217;aggravarsi del quadro epidemiologico in Europa, Austria, Belgio, Francia, Germania, Irlanda, Italia, Polonia, Portogallo, Repubblica Ceca ed alcune zone della Spagna, sono tornate in&nbsp;<em>lockdown</em>.</p><p>Una risposta immediata e concreta alla violenza domestica deve essere prontamente trovata, per scongiurare il peggio. Altrimenti la responsabilit&#224; sar&#224; di tutti noi.</p><p>In particolare, ritengo fondamentale continuare a garantire, nonostante le misure di distanziamento sociale, operativit&#224;, efficienza e continuit&#224; a tutta la rete che opera per la tutela delle donne vittime di violenza. Come ha giustamente affermato&nbsp;<a href="https://rm.coe.int/grevio-statement-covid-24-march-2020/pdfa/16809cf55e">Marceline Naudi</a>, devono essere coinvolti tutti gli attori di questo settore, dalle forze dell&#8217;ordine, ai servizi sociali e di supporto psicologico, al settore sanitario e quello giudiziario.</p><p>Di seguito vorrei proporre qualche spunto.</p><p>Innanzitutto, implementare ulteriormente le possibilit&#224; di denuncia e di supporto delle violenze domestiche. Non trascuriamo il fatto che, una donna vittima di violenza da parte del proprio partner convivente con cui &#232; obbligata a condividere lo spazio di casa h 24 a causa dell&#8217;isolamento, difficilmente pu&#242; parlare liberamente al telefono. Personalmente ritengo molto efficace la campagna spagnola &#8220;Mascarilla 19&#8221; e mi auguro che da essa quanti pi&#249; paesi possibili prendano spunto. In generale, offrire supporto e sostegno alle vittime, guidandole sin dall&#8217;inizio nell&#8217;<em>iter</em>&nbsp;di denuncia, &#232; la scelta vincente.</p><p>Tuttavia, trovare nuove modalit&#224; per chiedere aiuto senza allontanare le vittime dal luogo ove queste violenze si consumano &#232; insufficiente. &#200; necessario mettere in sicurezza le case rifugio per le donne vittime di violenza, facendole tornare ad essere operative a pieno regime. Se si teme il contagio Covid all&#8217;interno di queste strutture, che si sottopongano a tampone, in regime d&#8217;urgenza, le donne che necessitano di accedervi.</p><p>Ma soprattutto, garantiamo giustizia e protezione alle vittime di violenza domestica. Da Avvocato ho trovato davvero aberrante il blocco della giustizia per tutti i mesi di lockdown, negando giustizia a chi ne ha diritto. Spingiamo le donne vittime di violenza a denunciare, lasciando poi inascoltate le loro richieste d&#8217;aiuto. Il blocco della giustizia ha dimostrato tutta la nostra incapacit&#224; di reinventarci di fronte alle difficolt&#224;. Non permettiamo che ci&#242; accada di nuovo. Facciamo s&#236; che la giustizia faccia il proprio corso, in sicurezza per tutti. A tal fine usiamo le tecnologie di cui siamo in possesso, le udienze facciamole, in presenza con i dispositivi di sicurezza oppure utilizzando i sistemi informatici.</p><p>Ci aspettano mesi difficili, e dobbiamo essere pronti ad affrontare anche questa sfida, non solo quella dell&#8217;emergenza sanitaria.</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>